HISTORY OF BOTANY. 3 



O, etc., the capital letters following each species' name show that the plant 

 occurs in that division. Localities and altitudes are mentioned in most cases. 

 (See Introductions to Separate Lists.) 



My greatest pleasure in this work has been to publish at any rate part of 

 the records derived from the enormous collections left by the late Koger 

 Kennedy . These include valuable herbaria and microscopic slides of diatoms, 

 algae of all kinds, lichens, and indeed every division of the vegetable 

 kingdom. I must also heartily thank Professor B. G. Cormack, M.A., B.Sc., 

 for his invaluable co-operation and assistance. 



G. F. SCOTT ELLIOT. 



HISTORY OF BOTANY IN GLASGOW. 



There is little evidence of interest in, or pursuit of, the Science of Botany 

 in Glasgow prior to the end of the 18th century, It is true Botany was 

 taught in the old College by the Professor of Anatomy ; but it was only at 

 the period of rebound, after the long French wars, that the Science was 

 taken up in earnest. Then, however, rapid advances were made, so that for 

 a time Glasgow held a prominent position as a botanical centre. 



The first Botanic Garden in Glasgow was in the precincts of the old 

 College, in the High Street, where a piece of ground was set apart for the 

 cultivation of plants for teaching ; but 110 detailed account of it, or of its 

 contents remains. We have, however, a record of early botanical activity in 

 the Flora Glottiana (1813) of Mr. Hopkirk, who also conceived the idea of 

 the first public Botanic Garden, and stocked it with his own collection. In 

 April, 1817, the first meeting took place, at the instance of Mr. Hopkirk, 

 which started the movement for founding the " Royal Botanic Institution " 

 of Glasgow. Contributions from the Crown and the University, together 

 with subscriptions, sufficed for the acquirement and laying out of some 

 six and a-half acres of ground at Sandyford, then on the outskirts of the city. 

 A Royal Charter was obtained in 1818. Dr. Robert Graham, the first 

 occupant of the Regius Chair, endowed in 1818, also took an active part in the 

 initial movement, and gave several courses of lectures in the new garden, but 

 iu 1821 he was succeeded by Sir William Hooker, a man whose name will be 

 ever memorable in the annals of Botany, and one to whom the Glasgow 

 garden was especially indebted for a great measure of its early success as 

 a scientific institution. Partly as a result of his influence and initiative, and 

 greatly no doubt owing to the zeal with which the movement was supported 

 by individual citizens, and to the position of Glasgow as a great commercial 

 centre, contributions began to come in from every quarter of the globe. 

 Taking the number of species represented as a measure, the growth of the 

 living collections was rapid beyond precedent. In 1821 the number of 

 species living in the garden was about 9,000 ; in 1825 it is quoted at 12,000, 

 while the increase in number from that period onwards was commonly 300 

 to 500 per annum. Of these a large number were new species, not previously 

 described or figured : this work Hooker carried out, and the publication of 

 his results widened still further the desire on the part of other gardens 

 to effect exchanges with this, so that in 1828, after the garden had been but 

 ten years in existence, the Glasgow Institution found itself not a mere 

 beginner, living upon the scientific charity of the older establishments, but 

 corresponding as an equal with 12 British and Irish, 21 European, and 5 

 Tropical gardens, while the number of private gardens in correspondence 

 with it was upwards of 300. The estimated market value of the plants 

 in that year was 7,500, but a more correct estimate of their scientific value 



