ANTHROPOLOGY OF THE CLYDE VALLEY. 151 



and had driven them into the remoter parts of the country. On the with- 

 drawal of the Roman legions at the end of the 4th century the Damnii were 

 subjected to an invasion by the Scots and Picts, who colonised the northern 

 districts of Strathclyde, driving the Damnii into the southern parts of 

 Lanarkshire and into Galloway. The Scots and Picts, being themselves 

 Celts, introduced no new racial element. They differed from their prede- 

 cessors only in the dialect they spoke. 



About the beginning of the fifth century the Teutonic race began to make 

 its appearance in Scotland. Scandinavians, Frisians, and Saxons found their 

 way along the valley of the Forth, and a few of them made themselves a 

 home in the neighbouring Clyde valley. Like the Celts, these people were a 

 tall, muscular, fair-headed race, but, unlike the Celts, they were long-headed, 

 resembling in this respect the Iberian aboriginals, but differing from the 

 Iberians not only in their larger stature but in having a somewhat progna- 

 thous face. They were followed in the middle of the sixth century by hordes 

 of Angles of the same Teutonic type, who invaded Northumbria, and, 

 marching northwards, drove out the Celtic inhabitants from the south- 

 eastern counties of Scotland, and founded there the kingdom of Bernicia. 

 The Teutonising of the western lowlands followed in the seventh century, 

 when the Angles of Bernicia conquered and partially colonised the most 

 fertile parts of the Clyde valley. From this date onwards until the twelfth 

 century bands of Teutons (Angles, Saxons, and Normans) swarmed into 

 Scotland, where by conquest, by intermarriage with the daughters of the 

 Celtic chiefs, and by grants of land from the Scottish kings, they overran 

 the whole of the lowlands of Strathclvde. driving the Celtic tribes into the 



" 



wilds of Galloway and into the mountainous regions of the northern high- 

 lands. The last racial element was added to the people of the valley in the 

 twelfth century, when, in consequence of their expulsion from England by 

 Henry II., a numerous body of Flemings found refuge in Scotland. Several 

 colonies of these people, who were mostly of Teutonic origin, are known to 

 have settled in Strathclvde. 







TABLE OF RACIAL ELEMENTS IN THE CLYDE VALLEY. 



1st. Iberian, Long-headed. 



2nd. Celtic- 



a. Damnii, ~\ 



b. Picts, Broad-headed. 



c. Scots, J 

 3rd. Teutonic 



a. Scandinavian, 



b. Saxon, 



c. Angle, 



d. Norman, 



e. Fleming, 



Lonef-headed. 



LANGUAGE. 



No trace remains in any part of Britain of the speech of the Iberian 

 aboriginals. The remnants of this race in the Hebrides of Scotland, in 

 Wales, and in the West of Ireland, look upon themselves as pure Celts, and 

 cling tenaciously to the Celtic language. 



In early historical times three British dialects of the Celtic language were 

 spoken in Strathclyde. The bulk of the population in the districts now 

 known as Lanarkshire, Renfrewshire, Ayrshire, and Dumbartonshire, spoke 

 the Cornish dialect. On the shores of Argyllshire the Gaelic dialect was 

 spoken, and in the southern half of Lanarkshire Welsh was the dialect in 



