152 ANTHROPOLOGY OF THE CLYDE VALLEY. 



common use. Many of the old place names in various parts of Strathclyde 

 retain the Celtic form, but the Celtic speech is rapidly becoming extinct. 

 Two of its dialects, Cornish and Welsh, became extinct at an early period, 

 and Gaelic only survives as a spoken language in a small percentage of the 

 population. Since the thirteenth century a dialect known as lowland Scotch, 

 the old Anglian dialect of Bernicia, has been spoken by the Scottish lowlander 

 in Strathclyde. 



The number of people who still speak Gaelic in the three most populous 

 counties of the Clydesdale valley is stated in the Census for 1891, as follows : 



Total Number of Persons Number of Persons p 



p^niiiatinn wno speak who speak 



opulation. Gaelic only. English and Gaelic. centa S e - 



Lanarkshire, 1,046,040 84 22,887 



Eenfrewshire, 290,798 63 8,425 



Ayrshire, 226,283 14 1,827 



Total, 1,563,121 161 33,139 



POPULATION. 



At the census of 1801 the population in the drainage area of the Clyde and 

 its estuary, amounted in round numbers to about 350,000. During the 

 nineteenth century, not only has the native population increased with great 

 rapidity, but, owing to the rapid growth of the iron and coal industries, 

 a large number of people have been attracted from all parts of Gieat 

 Britain and Ireland. The population has changed in character from a 

 people, the majority of whom were engaged in rural and agricultural 

 pursuits, to a community of town dwellers. From data furnished by the 

 Eegistrar-General I calculate that the population of Strathclyde now (1901) 

 numbers about 2,000,000. One half of this number live in Glasgow and its 

 adjacent suburbs. The larger part of the remainder lives iu the other 

 manufacturing centres of the Clyde valley. Some idea of the extent to 

 which the racial type is being modified by this fresh invasion of new comers, 

 may be arrived at by a consideration of the figures disclosed by the Census 

 tables of 1891. Taking Glasgow as an example, within its Municipal 

 boundaries the population at that date amounted to 658,198, and of these 

 only 349,597 were born in the city. 308,601 were born in other parts of 

 Great Britain and Ireland. Of the latter, 134,000 were recruited from the 

 adjacent counties of Scotland south of the Clyde and Forth, and 84,796 from 

 the northern counties of Scotland. 66,071 were born in Ireland, and 

 23,557 were English born. The number of foreigners was comparatively 

 insignificant. These figures show that although no new racial element has 

 been added by the influx of strangers, the tendency is to an increase of the 

 Celtic strain and to a gradual approximation of the dwellers in the Clyde 

 valley to the Teuto-Celtic type, which is the most prevalent type of man 

 found in England, and erroneously named Anglo-Saxon. 



CEANIOLOGY. 



It is an axiom that the shape of the skull is one of the least variable 

 characteristics of race. As it is quite certain that no trace of the aboriginal 

 Iberian has been found in Strathclyde during the historical period, the shape 

 of the crania of the present inhabitants is a very conclusive test of the 

 amount of Teutonic blood, as compared with Celtic blood, which they now 

 possess. The cephalic index is the test most readily applicable. In any 

 part of Britain where the Iberian is excluded the long-headed people are 

 mostly Teutonic in ancestry, and the broad-headed mostly Celtic. Four 



