vi] DISTRIBUTION OF SELECTED GROUPS 131 



llamas, Pliauchenia. Both groups spread far beyond 

 North America. During the Pliocene, Auchenia 

 appeared in South America, where this genus is still 

 represented by lamas and huanacos on the Andine 

 tablelands. Pliauchenia had found its way to India, 

 where it died out. Early camels likewise must have 

 reached Asia, because in India appears the first true 

 Camelus, which in Pleistocene times spread into North 

 Africa, and also into North America, where it met 

 several other aboriginal camel-like forms. Then they 

 all died out there, so that now this once flourishing 

 family of enormous and continuous range, is rent 

 in two, its members existing in a wild state only on 

 the Andes and the Central Asian highlands. 



Chevrotains. 



TheChevrotains comprise a few small-sized animals 

 which still resemble primitive or ancestral deer-like 

 ruminants, since they are intermediate in structure 

 between pigs, camels and deer. Their earliest an- 

 cestors have been traced to the Upper Eocene of 

 Europe and North America. The only still existing 

 genera are first Hyomoschus, the water-chevrotain 

 of West Africa, also in the Pliocene of Asia and 

 in the Miocene of Europe, although those fossils 

 are usually mentioned as Dorcatherium. Secondly, 

 several species of Tragulm, often called Moose-deer, 

 in Indo-Malay countries. 



92 



