INDEX 



253 



O 



Obelia, colony of hydroids, 98 

 Obligatory parasites, 193 

 Oesophagus of the earthworm, 139 

 Old age, 68 



Olfactory organs of the lobster, 180 

 Ommatidia, compound eye units of 



the lobster, 181 

 Ontogeny, 15 

 Open and closed blood circulation, 



174 



Opsonins, 197 

 Organisms, of one cell, 26, 44; of 



tissues, 76 



Organs and organ systems, 130 

 Organs of relation, 155 

 Origin of variations, 232 

 Ostia, 175 



Otoliths of the lobster, 180 

 Oxidation in metabolism, n 



Palaeontology, subject matter, 3 



Palisade mesophyll of the fern, 117 



Parabasal body, 54 



Paramecium aurelia, so-called im- 

 mortality, 70; parthenogenesis, 71 



Paramecium caudatiim, 6065; con- 

 jugation, 72; depression, 63; divi- 

 sion, 64; effects of starvation, 9; 

 nutrition, 63 



Parasitism, 190 



Parenchyma cells of fern, 113 



Parker, G. H., 180 



Parker and Haswell, 176, 181 



Parthenogenesis, in paramecium, 71 ; 

 method of reproduction, 15 



Passive immunity, 199 



Pasteur, yeast studies, 32 



Pasteur's fluid, 32 



Pathology, subject matter, 3 



Peas, heredity of one pair of char- 

 acters, 219; of two pairs of char- 

 acters, 224 



Pepsin, digestive ferment, 40 



Perpetuation of variations, 203 



Phagocytosis, in hydra, 91; in man, 

 196 



Photosynthesis in the fern, 119 



Phyla, in classification, 81; of ani- 

 mals enumerated, 163 



Physical and physiological combus- 

 tion, ii 



Physiological adaptation, 190 



Physiological and physical combus- 

 tion, ii 



Physiological balance of cells, 44 



Physiology, subject matter, i; of 

 bacteria, 36 ; of fern, 1 1 8 ; of Hydra, 

 90; of Pleurococcus, 109; of the 

 digestive system, 139 



Phytol, 120 



Pinnae of the fern, 116 



Pinnules of the fern, 116 



Plants constructive, animals destruc- 

 tive, 67; the food of animals, 103 



Plasmodium, 15 



Pleodorina, colony differentiation, 78 



Pleurobranchs, 175 



Pleurococcus pluviatilis, 106-108 



Podobranchs, 175 



Polar bodies, 213 



Polymorphism in coelenterata, 98 



Potential of evolution, 237 



Potential of vitality and old age, 69 



Primary germ layers in develop- 

 ment, 80 



Proctodaeum, 139, 161 



Proglottids of tape- worm, 191 



Properties of protoplasm, 7 



Proteose, 49 



Proteins, classification of, 8 



Protenor, sex chromosome, 226, 227 



Proterospongia, spheroidal colony, 77 



Prothallium of the fern, 125, 126 



Protohydra, 82 



Protonema of fern, 126 



Protophyta, unicellular plants, 28 



Protoplasm, chemical composition, 

 7; definition, 6; theories of struc- 

 ture, 17 



Protoplasmic movement, 20 



Protopodites of lobster appendages, 

 168 



Protozoa, unicellular animals, 28 



Pseudopodia of amoeba, 47 



Pseudo-reduction, in maturation, 

 214; significance, 218 



Pteridium aquilinum, the brake, no; 

 structures and functions, 110-129 



Ptyalin, digestive ferment, 40 



Purkinje, protoplasm, 6 



R 



Radial symmetry, in Hydra, 82; in 



echinodermata, 83 

 Recessive characters in heredity, 221 

 Rectum of the earthworm, 144 

 Redi, spontaneous generation, 68 

 Reduction division in maturation, 



212 



Reduction in chromosomes, 214 



Regeneration in Hydra, 95 



Regional differentiation of the earth- 

 worm, 133 



Rejuvenescence by conjugation, 72 



Rennin, in yeast, 39 



Reproduction in amoeba, 52; in 

 bacteria, 35; in earthworm, 158; 

 in fern, 122; in Hydra, 94; in 

 Paramecium, 64; in Pleurococcus, 

 1 06; property of protoplasm, 13 



