STUDIES ON THE DURATION OF LIFE 203 



data from the 20 arrondissements of the city of Paris in 

 respect of the following points, among others : 



a. Percentage of families not paying a personal property tax. 



b. Death rate per 1000 from all causes. 



c. Stillbirths per 1000 living births. 



Figure 50 shows in the black the percentage of fam- 

 ilies too poor to have any personal property tax assessed, 

 first for each arrondissement separately, then at the 



MORTALITY IN PARIS 1911 - 1913 



20 



15 



10 



g 



d 9 16 I 7 17 6 a 10 3 18 12 4 5 II 15 14 19 20 13 I U ffl N 



CLASSES OF 



PARIS 



flRROWSSCMENTS 

 FIG. 51. Death rates in Paris (1911-13) from all causes. (After Hersch). 



right in broader bars for the four groups of arrondisse- 

 ments separated by wider spaces in the detailed dia- 

 gram, and finally for Paris as a whole. It will be seen 

 that the poverty of the population, measured by the per- 

 sonal property yardstick, is least at the left-hand end of 

 the diagram, where the smallest percentages of fam- 

 ilies are exempted from the tax, and greatest at the 

 right-hand end, where scarcely any of the population is 

 well enough to do to pay this tax. 



Figure 51 shows the death rates from all causes for 

 the same arrondissements and the same groups. It is 

 at once apparent that the black bars in this group run in 

 a general manner parallel to the preceding one. The 



