Q MADRAS FISHERIES BULLETIN VOL. XIU 



24. At the beginning of the year the Government sanctioned 

 the opening of eight elementary schools for fisherfolk on the west 

 coast. At the end of the year ten day and ten night schools were 

 maintained on the west coast by the department. There were 565 

 pupils in the day schools and 364 in the night schools making a total 

 of 929. Seventeen of the schools were newly started during the year 

 under review. In some cases the schools were started by the 

 villagers themselves and handed over to the department after they 

 had worked them two or three months and proved the need for such 

 schools in their villages ; in other places schools were opened by the 

 department on the receipt of applications from the fisherfolk. As 

 far as possible local men are appointed as honorary managers of these 

 elementary schools and some of the local managers have rendered 

 valuable service. Most of the schools are accommodated in tempo- 

 rary sheds and more permanent buihlings are urgently required. 



25. Temperance and socio-economic ivorJc. — The temperance society 

 at Mangaloro and its branches have done good work. Sites for 

 constructing village halls in Malpe and Kaup have been granted by 

 the Collector of South Kanara and nearly Rs. 3,000 have been collec- 

 ted by the fisherfolk themselves for the construction of the buildings. 

 The fisherfolk at Kizhur in South Kanara constructed a building in 

 which their meetings are held and the fisheries elementary school is 

 located. An indigenous temperance organization at Nadukuppam 

 in Madras was helped to reorganize its work. Assistance was given 

 to the Arya Young Men's Association of Rayapuram, Madras, which 

 had organized a reading room. Propaganda was carried on in the 

 Chingleput and Nellore districts. Proposals have been submitted to 

 the (jovernment for additions to the staff of sub-assistants in order 

 to carry on the work all along the east eoast. 



26. Oil and guano manufacture. — ^This industry has continued to 

 make rapid progress. The number of private factories increased 

 from 358 to 563. It is estimated that 24,000 tons of guano valued 

 at Rs. 100 per ton f.o.r. were manufactured during the season. 

 Unfortunately most of it was exported, especially to Japan. The 

 value of oil manufactured was about Rs. 3,75,000. The insanitary 

 conditions of the factories referred to in paragraph 27 of Sir 

 Frederick Nicholson's report for last year were not remedied, but the 

 rules referred to by him have since been issued. In some localities 

 factories have become too numerous. Adulteration of guano with 

 sand or mud has become an almost universal practice and in some 

 samples of guano 25 per cent of sand has been detected. The 

 remedy for this adulteration must for the present be in the hands of 

 buyers who do not pay sufficient attention to the quality of the guano 

 they buy. Adulteration can only be checked when they decline to 

 accept inferior qualities and are prepared to pay a good price for the 

 pure article, 



