No. 3 (1921) MANUFACTURE OF FISH OIL AND GUANO 195 



concluded that 500 lb. fish manure (whole fish, not guano) applied 

 to paddy, gave returns equal to 15 cartloads of cattle manure. At 

 Koilpatti 5 cwt. per acre of fish guano gave results in sorghum 

 fodder nearly equal to those with 2 cwt. Nitrolim. At Taliparamba 

 (West Coast) fish guano is found very useful for pepper and the 

 experimenter uses it largely on "garden" crops. At this latter 

 farm, fish guano has given excellent results for the last 6 or 7 

 years on "all crops except ginger; for ragi, paddy, chillies, sugar- 

 cane and coconuts this is the manure now being generally 

 applied"; the difference between fish manure and fish guano is 

 that " to get the same result " 2 cwt. fish manure are required to 

 I cwt. of fish guano. On paddy the average increase on ryots' 

 lands was about 30 per cent over the yield of unmanured lands. 

 It is found to act much more quickly than farmyard manure. 



The most recent information is from a Godavari ryot who, in 

 1920, used 3 cwt. fish manure and I cwt. bone meal per acre of 

 paddy, and obtained 255 " kunchams " per acre as against a 

 customary and neighbouring yield of 50 kunchams, being a five- 

 fold increase. 



As regards the price of nitrogen, it is stated in the notes that a 

 unit (22*4 lb.) in fish guano costs Rs. 10-II-5 to Rs. 12-13-9 (accord- 

 ing to the heavy fluctuations of recent years), as compared with 

 Rs. 16-8-IO to Rs. 25 per unit (recently) in ammonium sulphate and 

 Rs. 22-8-0 to Rs. 23-5-4 in sodium and calcium nitrate, while its 

 phosphoric acid worked out at Rs. 2-8-0 per unit as compared with 

 the same cost in bone meal and flour phosphate, and Rs. 8 in 

 superphosphate. 



The purchases by the Department of Agriculture, mainly for 

 sale to ryots, aggregated 2,403 tons of fish guano and 167 tons of 

 fish manure in the past three years, while the disposal amounted 

 to 1,911 and 142 tons, respectively. But for the shortage and conse- 

 quent high prices in 1920-21 this would have been greatly exceeded, 

 since fish guano has various agricultural advantages. 



87. Cattle and poultry food. — Fish guano or fish meal as it is 

 called when used for cattle feeding is a good feeding stuff for 

 cattle, pigs, and poultry, for which purpose it should contain the 

 usual amount of nitrogen, say 8 per cent in the form of proteins, 

 and of phosphoric acid as phosphates, and not above 5 per cent of 

 oil. In certain fish meals from cod and fish refuse, the proteins 

 run from 50 to 65 per cent, phosphoric acid from 6'6 to 13"! per 



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