62 MADRAS FISHERIES BULLETIN VOL. XIII, 



the closing shed, but in small Indian canneries the Beypore plan 

 may be adopted. 



52. (5) Observation room. — To prevent leaky cans which may 

 not have been detected in testing or w^hich have subsequently 

 developed leaks, from getting into store or market, a room with 

 large racks and tables is provided in which all cans are kept for 

 10 days or so before being passed into the store room; this saves 

 great trouble in the store room by the presence in and removal of 

 bad tins from the piles of good ones. The remaining buildings 

 need no special description. 



53. It need hardly be said that, if possible, the premises, both 

 land and buildings, should be of sufficient area to prevent crowding 

 and to permit of free ventilation ; also that everything should be 

 so arranged and cleared as to be perfectly sanitary, the open 

 ground being kept clear of all accumulations of dust and rubbish. 

 The guts and offal generally should be removed to a distance and 

 then boiled down for oil and fish manure. 



Fittings. 



54. (l) Water-supply. — Arrangements for plenty of clean water, 

 laid on to every room for sluicing the rooms daily; water is 

 specially needed in the gutting and processing rooms. In the 

 Beypore Cannery, as at Tanur, perfectly fresh water is obtained 

 throughout the year by driving ' tube wells ' into the sand ; even 

 though the sea or tidal river or back water be close by, fresh water 

 is always obtainable. These ' tube wells ' are simply steel tubes 

 having a ' filter point ' at the lower end ; this filter point is a 

 perforated tube about 3' 6" in length ending in a sharp point ; a 

 pit is dug in the sand, if possible in the hot season when the 

 water-bearing stratum is at its lowest, till water appears, perhaps 

 at 8 or 10 feet ; the filter point is then driven down as deep as 

 possible into the water bearing stratum, a length of steel pipe is 

 screwed air-tight on the filter point which, if possible, is then 

 driven further down so as to secure plenty of water at all seasons, 

 and the pit is then filled up, any further lengths of tubes being 

 added ; at ground level a pump, usually semi-rotary, is screwed 

 air-tight, and after a short time water flows freely. This water is 

 perfectly clear and pure being drawn not from an open well but 

 from a stratum 10 or 12 feet below the surface which stratum is 

 covered by the natural filter bed of superincumbent sand. From 



