272 AMASTRA, MOLOKAI. 



75c. A. m. atroflava n. subsp. PI. 41, figs. 9-13; pi. 40, figs. 

 13, 14. 



Imperf orate, ovate, thin but rather strong, slightly shining; 

 outlines of the spire nearly straight ; embryonic whorls white 

 or pale, very strongly costate and carinate (pi. 41, fig. 10). 

 Following whorls irregularly wrinkle-striate, the last whorl 

 usually malleated below the periphery. Neanic and last 

 whorls covered with a glossy yellow cuticle, and a very thin, 

 yellow outer cuticle wanting in front of the aperture, and 

 figured with angular black or umber markings which gener- 

 ally coalesce to form a black area on the lower half of the 

 last whorl. Aperture white, with the weak trace of a lip-rib. 



Length 17, diam. 8.7. aperture 8 mm. ; 6% whorls. 



Length 14.8, diam. 8, aperture 7 mm. ; G 1 /^ whorls. 



Molokai: Kawela (figs. 13, 14) and Kamalo (Borcherding. 

 Cotypes no. 105518, A. N. S. P., and no. 1813 coll. University 

 of Wisconsin. 



Amastra modesta BORCHERDING, Zoologica, xix, Heft. 48, 

 p. 120 (in part), pi. 10, f. 19. 



The main color-patterns are shown in pi. 41, figs. 9-13, 

 cotypes, and pi. 40, figs. 13, 14, copied from Borcherding, 

 who considers A. rustica Gul. a synonym. It is certainly very 

 close to rustica, differing in the brighter yellow color and the 

 more prominent keel on the second whorl ; but the rather wide 

 separation of the localities rustica having been found only 

 in East Maui gives reason to think them homoplastic or 

 convergent forms ultimately derived from the same stock, 

 rather than directly -connected. It must be freely admitted 

 that ' ' species ' ' in the affinis-assimilis group are more than 

 usually conventional. A survey of the region, with a thor- 

 ough study of the local races must be made before any 

 serious attempt at classification will be possible. A. m. atro- 

 flava differs from A. m. citrea Sykes by somewhat stronger 

 striation, coarser embryonic sculpture and generally wider 

 contour; yet it may perhaps prove to be a form of that. 



75d. A. m. semicarnea Ancey. PI. 28, fig. 13; pi. 39, fig. 16. 

 " Shell larger than the type, but more slender than var. 



