STROPHOCHEILUS. 1 



Genus STROPHOCHEILUS Spix, 1827. 

 (=Slrophocheilu$-{-Borus-\-I)ryptus-\- Orphnus of authors). 



Strophocheilus SPIX in Wagner, Test. Fluv. Bras., etc. p. 12, and 

 on plate XI (for S. Juemastomns Sp\x=Helix ovata Miiller, and S. 

 almeida Sp'ix=Helix pudica Miiller). Melania (in part) PERRY, 

 Conchology, 1811, pi. 29. Not Melania Lamarck, 1799. Bulimus 

 SCOPOLI, Delicite Florre et Faunae Insubricse, i, p. 67 (1786). Not 

 Bulimus Scopoli, Introductio ad Hist. Nat. p. 392 (1777). Bnlimns 

 LAMARCK, 1801, Montfort, 1810, and (in part) of all subsequent 

 writers on South American land snails. Bulinus SOWERBY (in 

 part), P. Z. S., 1834, p. 141, and Conchological Illustrations. Not 

 Bulinus Miiller, Der Naturforscher xv, p. 6 (1781). Helix, sub- 

 genus Coehlostyla, second group. Aplotosmce (err. typog.) in part; 

 FER., Tabl. p. 48 ; also, subgenus Cochlogena, third group, Lomas- 

 tomce (in part), FER., Tabl., p. 54. 



For general anatomy, dentition and (incorrect /) figures of geni- 

 talia, see SEMPER, Reisen p. 150, pi. 14, f. 10; and VON IHKRING, 

 Bull. Sci. de la France et de la Belgique, xxiii p. 213, pi. 5, f. 11. 



Shell ovate, more or less lengthened, always much higher than 

 wide ; of moderate or large size, with 4 to 7-i whorls. Apex obtuse. 

 Several earlier whorls forming the large nepionic shell (or part form- 

 ed within the egg), which is usually sculptured differently from the 

 post-natal portion. Post-uepionic shell consisting of 2* whorls or 

 less. Aperture vertical or nearly so, much higher than wide ; per- 

 istome reflexed, expanded, or simple and obtuse; columella with a 

 convex fold or simple. Type S. pudicus Miiller. 



Soft parts externally as in Helicidce (Manual IX, p. xxviii), 

 but labial processes more strongly developed, lobed. Genitalia of 

 the Protogonous type, but with an appendicula as in Panda and 

 Caryodes. Jaw completely solid, smooth or ribbed. Radulain gen- 

 eral as in Helicida 1 , the rhachidian and lateral teeth unicuspid by 

 fusion of the cusps, marginals, or some of them, with an ectocone 

 added. Reproducing by large oval or oblong hard-shelled white 

 eggs. Habits terrestrial. 



Distribution, tropical and temperate South America and some 

 adjacent islands. Mainly east of the Andean watershed. 



The genus Strophocheilus represents, in our opinion, a line diver- 

 gent from the early PROTOGONA, probably allied to the Australian 

 forms of Old World large-egged Helices which we have called 

 1 



