LEPTAXIS. 



293 



for the group an ancient origin ; but the evidence shows that how- 

 ever remote in the past the type was derived from the continental 

 fauna, the main anatomical features of modern European Helices 

 were then well established. If the genetic relationship of Leptaxis 

 with Oligocene forms of middle Europe claimed by Sandberger and 

 others be admitted (and this we have no good reason for doubting), 

 then by implication those fossil forms were anatomically very like 

 the modern European Helices. 



It is a noteworthy fact that in no anatomical feature, whatever, 

 does Leptaxis approach the West Indian groups of Helices. They 

 have diverged from different stocks, and since Mesozoic time along 

 widely separated paths both geographically and structurally. 



Distribution, Madeira, Azores and Cape Verde groups. 



(Shell depressed, with open umbilicus and expanded peristome. 

 PSEUDOCAMPYL^EA. Porto Santo.') 



L. portosanctanaSowb., iv, 199. L. lowei Fer., iv, 200. 



(Shell imperforate. LEPTAXIS. Madeira species). 



L. undata Lwe., iv, 189. 

 corrugata Sol. ms. 

 groviana Fer. 

 scabra Wood. 

 L. vulcanica Lwe., iv, 190. 

 L. leonina Lwe., iv, 190. 

 L. nivosa Sowb., iv, 190. 

 exalbida Wood. 

 decolor ata Lwe. 

 v. phlebophora Lwe. 



chlorata Lwe. 

 v. planata Lwe., iv, 191. 

 v. craticulata Lwe., iv, 191. 

 scrobiculata Lwe. 



L. psammophora Lwe., iv, 191. 

 L. wollastoni Lwe., iv, 199. 



v. forensis Woll.. iv, 199. 

 L. chrysomela Pfr., iv, 198. 

 cenostoma Lwe. not Fer. 



v. fluctuosa Lwe., iv, 198. 

 L. erubescens Lwe., iv, 191. 

 simia Fer. 



v. portosancti Woll. 



v. advenoides Lwe. 



v. hysena Lwe., iv, 192. 

 L. furva Lwe., iv, 192. 

 L. (?) exornata Dh., iv, 198. 



(Species of the Azores Is.) 



L. azorica Alb., iv, 196. L. terceirana Morel., iv, 197. 



L. caldeirarum M. & D., iv, 196. L. drouetiana Morel., iv, 197. 

 L. niphas Pfr., iv, 196. L. vetusta M. & D., iv. 198. 



