316 



INDEX 



Algae, 52, 53, 58, 00, 62, 63, 73; in 

 Archegoniates, 104, 105; in Fungi, 

 83, 84, 85; in Spermatophytes, 160. 



Shield-fern (Aspidium) , 135, Fig. 35. 



Shooting-star (Dodecatheon, 217, 

 Fig. 52. 



Siberia, 230. 



Sierra Nevada, 174, 205, 279. 



Sieve-tubes, 124. 



Sigillaria, 147, 226. 



Silene, 206, Fig. 49. 



Silurian formations, 174, 221, 222, 223. 



Simplest forms of life, 31, 284. 



Siphonese, 27, 56, 57, 58, 77, 79, 83, 

 99, 221, 222, 288; fossil S., 221, 222 ; 

 structure of, 56, 57, 58 ; Figs. 11, 12. 



Sleep movements, 24, 283. 



Slime-moulds (Mycetozoa), 3,24,31, 

 32, 33, 37, 38, 45, Fig. 4. 



Smuts (Ustilagineae) , 95, 96. 



Snails, 249. 



Snow-plant (Sarcodes sanyuinea), 

 205, 279. 



Solanumjasminoides, 278, Fig. 60. 



Sorrel-tree (Oxydendrum), 213, Fig. 

 52. 



Sorus, 135, 163, 164, Figs. 35, 40. 



South America, 231, 237, 239. 



Spadix, 185. 



Spanish moss ( Tillandsia usneoides) , 

 194, 238, 276. 



Sparganium, Spargauiacese, 186, 198. 



Spathe, 185, 186, 246, 247, Fig. 55. 



Speedwell (Veronica), 215, Fig. 53. 



Spermatophytes, Spermatophy ta (see 

 also "Flowering plants," "Seed 

 plants"), 16, 20, 21, 155, 158, 159, 

 160, 164, 184, 292, 293; classifica- 

 tion, 161; fossil S., 226, 227, 228, 

 229 ; structure of, 158, 159, 160. 



Spermatozoid, 23, 27, 39, 41, 53, 54, 

 58, 62, 63, 69, 70, 73, 83, 103, 108, 

 119, 128, 129, 140, 144, 145, 146, 149, 

 150, 152, 155, 160, 163, 166, 169, 170, 

 175, 181, 285, 287, 289, Figs. 6, 14, 

 18, 26, 33, 38, 39, 40. 



Spermatium (of Red Algse), 73, 74, 

 75, Fig. 20. 



Sperm-cell, 103, 150, 160, 169, 181. 



Spermothamniurn, 74, Fig. 20. 

 Spliaerocarpus, 109, Fig. 28. 

 Sphaerotheca, 91, Fig. 24. 

 Sphagnum, Sphagnaceae (see also 



" Peat-mosses "), 113, 114, 115, 116, 



Fig. 29. 



Sphenophylleae, 225. 

 Sphinx moths, 249. 

 Spiderwort (Tradescantia) , 4, Fig. 1. 

 Spines, 260, 261, 272. 

 Spiraea, 210, Fig. 51. 

 Spirillum rubrum, 35, Fig. 5. 

 Spirogyra, 59, 60, 265, Fig. 13. 

 Spirotsenia, 60. 

 Sporangium, 32, 44, 67, 68, 72, 82, 86, 



94, 125, 132, 133, 134, 135, 137, 140, 



141, 143, 145, 146, 147, 149, 150, 158, 



159, 178, 184, 223 ; Algae., 67, 68, 72 ; 

 Equisetum, 140; Eusporaugiatse, 

 132, 133; Fungi, 82, 86; Lepto- 

 sporangiatse, 134, 135; Lycopods, 

 143 Pteridophytes, 125; Sperma- 

 tophytes, 158, 159. 



Spore, 7, 18, 28, 32, 33, 35, 36, 45, 53, 

 54, 63, 73, 75, 82, 83, 84, 87, 107 

 109, 110, 117, 125, 133, 135, 139, 

 140, 141, 145, 146, 158, 159, 160, 162, 

 163, 164, 165, 168, 169, 170, 174, 180, 

 203. 



Spore-fruit, Sporocarp, 72, 75, 77, 87, 

 90, 92, 93, 94, 95. 



Sporogenous tissue, 75, 105, 109, 110, 

 111, 112, 117, 125, 132, 133, 134, 135, 



160, 168, 186, 293. 

 Sporogoniurn (see also " Sporo- 



phyte"), 108, 124. 

 Sporophore, 90. 

 Sporophyll, 132, 140, 141, 143, 146, 



161, 163, 164, 165, 168, 169, 170, 177, 

 244, 293. 



Sporophyte, 55, 77, 105, 108, 109, 110, 

 111, 112, 115, 116, 117, 118, 119, 120, 

 121, 122, 123, 125, 126, 129, 130, 131, 

 132, 137, 139, 140, 141, 146, 153, 154, 

 158, 162, 165, 167, 170, 171, 172, 289, 

 290, 291 ; of Ferns, 129, 130, 131 ; 

 of Liverworts, 108, 109, 110, 112, 

 115, 120, 129; of Mosses, 116, 117; 

 of Spermatophytes, 167, 182. 



