INDEX 



305 



Duckweed (Lemna), 182, 185, 187, 

 Fig. 45. 



E 



Eagle-fern (see Pteris aquilina). 



Earth-star (Geaster) , 94, Fig. 25. 



Eastern Asia, 232, 233, 235. 



Eastern America, 232, 233, 235. 



Ectocarpus, 67, 68; E. granulosus, 

 67, Fig. 16; E. siliculosus, 67, 

 Fig. 16. 



Eel-grass (Vallisneria) , 22. 



Egg, egg-cell, 27, 39, 41, 53, 54, 58, 

 63, 69, 74, 102, 103, 108, 109, 128, 

 129, 130, 165, 171, 179, 181 ; Chara, 

 63; Conifers, 171; Ferns, 129; 

 Fucus, 69; Red Alga3, 74; Riccia, 

 103 ; Vaucheria, 58. 



Egg apparatus, 179, 180, 181, 202, 

 Fig. 44. 



Elater, 29, 109, 111, 140, 142, Figs. 

 28, 36. 



Electricity, 24. 



Elm, 237, 238. 



Embryo, 15, 109, 116, 129, 130, 131, 

 137, 140, 144, 145, 158, 159, 170, 171, 

 172, 182, 183, 184, 185, 200, 203, 217 ; 

 Conifers, 170, 171, 172; Dicotyle- 

 dons, 200 ; Equisetum, 140 ; Ferns, 

 129, 130 ; Lycopods, 144, 145 ; Mono- 

 cotyledons, 185, Figs. 28, 33, 45, 

 48. 



Embryo-sac, 145, 159, 165, 178, 179, 

 180, Figs. 43, 44. 



Endosperm, 150, 152, 165, 171, 172, 

 179, 180. 



Energid, 4. 



Entomophily (see "Insects"). 



Entomophthoracese (see also " In- 

 sect-fungi "), 86. 



Environment (effect of) , 262. 



Eopteris, 223. 



Ephedra, 173. 



Epidermis, epidermal tissues, 21, 

 124, 141, 267. 



Epiphytes, 194, 195, 275, 276, 277, 297. 



Equisetineae (see also " Horse-tail "), 

 128, 139, 140, 143, 147, 153, 154, 155, 



157, 224, fossil E., 143, 154; hete- 

 rospory, 155. 



Equisetum (see also "Horse-tail," 

 "Scouring-rush"), 139, 140, 141, 

 142, 143, 144, 146, 161, 168, 224; 

 fossil, 142, 224 ; structure, 139, 140, 

 141, 142; E. maximum, 140, Fig. 

 36 ; E. pratense, 140, Fig. 36. 



Ergot (Claviceps purpurea) , 93. 



Erodium (see also " Alfilaria "), 250, 

 Fig. 56. 



Erythronium, 189, Fig. 46. 



Eschscholtzia, 240. 



Essential oils, 260. 



Eucalyptus, 274, 275. 



Eucyclae, 209. 



Euphorbia, Euphorbiaceae, 210. 



Eurotium, 92. 



Eusporangiatae, 127, 128, 133, 134, 

 135, 136, 137, 138, 139, 144, 149, 151, 

 154, 155, 156, 157, 22:?, 224 ; embryo 

 of, 130; fossil E., 138, Fig. 34. 



Evening primrose (CEnothera) , 211, 

 238. 



Evergreens, 166. 



Exogens (see "Dicotyledons"). 



Eye-spot, 39, 50, 52. 



F 



Fan-palm, 187. 



Ferns (see also "Pteridophytes," 

 " Filicineae "), 15, 16, 27, 28, 29, 55, 

 102, 112, 116, 121, 123, 126, 128, 129, 

 130, 131, 132, 133, 134, 135, 136, 137, 

 138, 139, 140, 146, 148, 149, 153, 154, 

 155, 156, 157, 162, 163, 164, 166, 167, 

 196, 201, 220, 223, 224, 267, 273, L'75, 

 276. 285 ; embryo of, 129, 130 ; fossil 

 F., 154, 220, 223, 224 ; gametophyte 

 of, 125, 126, 127 ; heterospory, 148, 

 149, 150; sporophyte,.122, 123. 



Fertilization, 41, 54, 58, 60, 63, 70, 

 74, 75, 83, 85, 91, 103, 104, 108, 119, 

 128, 160, 163, 164, 169, 170, 181, 203, 

 266, in Archegoniates, 103, 104 ; in 

 Ascomycetes, 91 ; in Characeae, 63, 

 in Conifers, 169, 170 ; in Cycads, 



