blenniid^e. 195 



of a distinct family. Its powerful jaws and teeth were remarked on by 

 Hunter, who observed that the mouth of the wolf-fish is almost paved with teeth, 

 by means of which it can break shells to pieces, and fit them for the oesophagus of 

 the fish, and so effectually disengage the food from them, that though it lives on 

 such hard food, the stomach does not differ from that of other fish. 



This genus is well represented in the northern seas of both hemispheres, 

 extending in Europe southwards to the British coast, while it has a somewhat 

 similar extension in the American seas. 



1. Anarrhichas lupus, Plate LVIII. 



Anarrhichas, Gesner, Nomen. Aq. Anim. p. 116 and Paralip. p. 4 ; Artedi, 

 Gen. p. 23 ; Olear. Gott. Kuns. t. xxvii, f. 2. Zee-Wolf, Gronov. Zooph. No. 400 

 and Mus. Ich. No. 44. Lupus marinus, Schonev. p. 45, t. v ; Jonston, t. xlvii, f . 2 ; 

 Will. p. 130, t. H 3, f. 1 ; Kay, p. 40. Latargus, Klein, Pise. Miss, iv, p. 16. 

 Anarrhichas non macidatus, Olafs. Seise, 683a. Anarrhichas minor, Olafs. Isl. 

 Reise, 683&, t. xlii ; Mull. Prod. Dan. p. 40 ; Fabr. Faun. Gronl. p. 139, No. 976 ; 

 Mohr. Isl. Nat. Hist. p. 64, No. 115 ; Gmel. Linn, i, p. 1143; Bl. Schn. p. 496; 

 Ascan. Icon. t. xxv. Steen-bider, Pontopp. Norg. Nat. Hist, ii, p. 243 ; Strom. 

 Sondm. i, p. 310. Ravenous wolf-fish, Pennant, Brit. Zool. (Ed. 1776) hi, p. 151, 

 pi. xxiv (Ed. 1812) iii, p. 201, pi. xxvii. Cat-fish, Sibbald, Scot. Illus. hi, p. 25, 

 t. xvi. 



Anarrhichas lupus, Linn. Syst. i, p. 430 ; Shaw, Zool. iv, p. 93, pi. xiii ; Olavii, 

 Reise, i, p. 80 ; Retz. Faun. Suec. p. 315 ; Fabr. Faun. Gronl. p. 138, No. 97 ; 

 Mohr. Isl. Nat. Hist. p. 63, No. 114 ; Andre, Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. 1784, p. 274, 

 t. xi ; Brouss. Mem. Acad. Sc. 1785, p. 161, pi. iii; Midi. Prod. Zool. Dan. p. 40 ; 

 Bonnaterre, Atl. Ich. p. 38, pi. xxvi, f. 87 ; Gmel. Linn, i, p. 1142 ; Bl. iii, p. 25, 

 t. lxxiv ; Bl. Schn. p. 495 ; Lacep. ii, pp. 299, 300, pi. ix, f. 2 ; Low, Faun. Oread, 

 p. 187 ; Cuv. Reg. Anim. 111. Poiss. pi. lxxix, f. 2 ; Faber, Fische Isl. p. 70 ; 

 Donov. Brit. Fish, i, pi. xxiv ; Turton, Brit. Faun. p. 87 ; Fleming, Brit. Anim. 

 p. 208 ; Fries och Ekstr. Skand. Fisk. p. 23, t. viii, f . 2 ; Richards. Faun. Bor. 

 Amer. p. 95 ; Jenyns, Man. p. 384 ; Yarrell, Brit. Fish. (Ed. 1) i, p. 247, c. fig. 

 (Ed. 2) i, p. 277 (Ed. 3) ii, p. 384 ; Parnell, Wern. Mem. vii, p. 339 ; Cuv. and 

 Val. xi, p. 473, pi. cccxli ; Gaim. Voy. Isl. and Gronl. &c. pi. iv; Thompson, 

 Proc. Zool. Soc. 1835, p. 80 ; Templeton, Mag. Nat. Hist. (2) 1837, i, p. 409 ; 

 Johnston, Berwick. Nat. Club. 1838, i, p. 172 ; Swainson, Fishes, ii, p. 283 ; 

 Gronov. ed. Gray, p. 188 ; Gaim. Voy. Scand. &c. pi. xii, f . 2 ; De Kay, New York 

 Fauna, Fishes, p. 158, pi. xvi, f. 43 ; Nilss. Skand. Faun, iv, p. 208 ; Thompson, 

 N. H. Ireland, iv, p. Ill ; White, Catal. Brit. Fish. p. 50 ; Gunther, Catal. iii, 

 p. 208 ; Schlegel, Dieren Neder. p. 67, pi. vi, f . 5 ; Collett, Norges Fiske, p. 70 ; 

 Steenstrup, Vid. Medd. 1876, p. 159, pi. iii ; Mcintosh, Fish. St. Andrew's, p. 175 ; 

 Winther, Ich. Dan. Mar. p. 22 ; Moreau, Poiss. France, ii, p. 159. 



Anarrhichas strigosus, Gmel. Linn, i, p. 1144. 



Anarrhichas p anther inus, Zouiew, N. Act. Petroph. 1781, p. 271, t. b; Gmel. 

 Linn, i, p. 1144 ; Bl. Schn. p. 495, t. xcii ; Lacep. ii, pp. 299, 3U9, 310. 



Anarrhichas macidatus. Bl. Schn. p. 496. 



Anarrhichas karrah, Lacep. ii, pp. 299, 307. 



Wolf-fish, Couch, Fish. Brit. Isles, ii, p. 242, pi. cxvii. 



B. vii, D. 72-74, P. 19, A. 45-46, C. 15-18, Vert. 26/50. 



Length of head 4| to 5, of caudal fin 10J, height of body 4j to 5 in the total 

 length. Uye near the upper edge of the head, 1 to 1|- diameters from the end 

 of the snout, and from 1/2 to 1 apart. Body elongated and compressed. Cheeks 

 swollen. Anterior profile of the head very steep : snout short : cleft of mouth 

 oblique, the posterior extremity of the maxilla reaching to beyond the hind edge 

 of the eye. The masseter muscles very powerful. Teeth differ considerably 

 from those of any other British fish : in the upper jaw there are anteriorly four 

 large canines in the pre-maxillaries, and six or eight smaller but conical 

 ones. In the lower jaw two or three large, diverging, curved and conical 

 canines, and behind them two smaller ones: laterally are two rows of molars 



13* 



