121 ACANTHOPTERYGII. 



Caranx trachurus, Plate XLIV. 



Tpayovpos. Athen. vii, p. 326 ; Oppian, Halieut. i, p. 5. 



Saurus, Salv. fol. 79, pi. xv. Lacertus seu Trachurus, Belon. p. 133. Lacertus 

 Helonii, Gesner, pp. 467, 552. Trachurus, Rondel, viii, c. 6, p. 233, c. fig. 

 Museken, Sclion. p. 75; Aldrov. ii, c. 52, p. 268; Jonston, De Pise. lib. i, tit. iii, 

 c. 3, Art. 1. p. 94, tab. xxi, f. 8 ; Ray, p. 92. Scad, Willughby, p. 290, t. S. 22 ; 

 Pennant, Brit. Zool. (Ed. 1) iii, p. 269, pi. Ii (Ed. 1812), iii, p. 363, pi. lxii. 

 Scomber, No. 3, Artedi, Gen. p. 31. Scomber, Sp. Gronov. Zooph. p. 94, No. 308, 

 and Mus. Ich. i, p. 34, No. 80 ; Duhamel, Peches, ii, Sect. 7, p. 188, pi. i, f. 2. 



Scomber trachurus, Linn. Syst. i, p. 494 ; Bloch, t lvi ; Gmel. Linn. p. 1335 ; 

 Bonnat. p. 140, pi. lviii, f. 230 : Bl. Schn. p. 27 ; Pallas, Zoogr. Ross, iii, p. 208 ; 

 Donovan, Brit. Pishes, i, pi. iii ; Turton, p. 101. 



Caranx trachurus, Lacep. iii, p. 60; Risso, Ich. Nice, p. 173, and Eur. Merid. 

 iii, p. 421 ; Cuv. and Val. ix, p. 11, pi. 246; Jenyns' Manual, p. 366 ; Yarrell, 

 Brit. Fish. (Ed. 1) i, p. 154, c. fig. (Ed. 2) i, p. 175 (Ed. 3) ii, p. 236 ; Bonap. Pesc. Eur. 

 p. 75 ; Gay, Hist. Chile, Zool. ii, p. 233 ; Cuv. Regne Anim. 111. Poiss. pi. lvii, 

 f. 1 ; Richards. Ich. China, p. 273, and Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. 1843, xi. p. 25 ; 

 Templeton, Mag. Nat. Hist. 1837 (2), i, p. 409; Parnell, Pish. Firth of Forth, 

 p. 57, and Wern. Mem. vii, p. 217 ; Johnston, Berwick. Nat. Club, 1838, i, p. 171 

 Nordm. in Demid. Voy. Russ. Merid. iii, p. 393 ; Guichen. Explor. Alger. Poiss. 

 p. 61 ; White, Catal. Brit. Fish. p. 37 ; Thompson, Nat. Hist. Ireland, iv, p. 95 ; 

 Schlegel, De Dieren Nederland, p. 8, pi. i, f. 2 ; Collett, Norges Fiske, p. 50 ; 

 Winther, Ich. Dan. 1879, p. 15. 



Caranx omorus, Lacep. iii, pi. xi, f. 1. 



Caranx amia, Risso, Ich. Nice, p. 174. 



Trachinus spinulosis, Swainson, Fishes, ii, p. 249. 



Seriola picturata, Bowd. Exc. p. 123, f. xxvii. 



Trachurus vulgaris, Flem. Brit. An. p. 218; Johnston, Fish. Berwick. Mag. 

 Nat. Hist, vi, 1833, p. 15. 



Trachurus Europeus, Gronov. ed. Gray, p. 125. 



Caranx trachurus, var. Japonicus, Temm. and Schleg. Fauna Japon. Poiss. 

 p. 109, pi. lix, f. 1. 



Selar Japonicus, Bleeker, Japan, pi. viii, f. 1. 



Caranx symmetricus, Ayres, Proc. Cal. Acad. Nat. Sc. i, 1855, p. 62. 



Trachurus symmetricus, Girard, U. St. Pacif. R. R. Exped. Fish. p. 107. 



Caranx Cuvieri, Lowe, Trans. Zool. Soc. ii, p. 183. 



Caranx declivis, Jenyns, Zool. Beagle, Fishes, p. 68, pi. xiv. 



Trachurus trachurus, Casteln. Anim. Nouv. on rares Poiss. p. 23 ; Gunther, 

 Catal. ii, p. 419 ; Kner and Steind. Sitz. Ak. Wiss. Wien, liv, p. 364 ; Kner, 

 Novara Fische, p. 150; Mcintosh, Fish. St; Andrew's, p. 174; Giglioli, Pesci 

 Ital. p. 27; Moreau, Poiss. France, ii, p. 437. 



Scad, Couch, Fish. Brit. Isles, ii, p. 136, pi. xciv. 



B. vii, D. 8/3^33, P. 19-21, V. 1/5, A. 2/^1^, C. 17, L. 1. 73, Ccec. pyl. 12. 

 Vert. 10/14. 



Length of head 4 to 4|, of caudal fin 5 to 5f, height of body 5 to h\ in the 

 total length. Eye situated above the middle of the height of the head, it has 

 a wide posterior adipose lid extending nearly or quite to the edge of the pupil, 

 and also a much narrower anterior adipose lid. Diameter of eye from 3~ to 

 3f in the length of the head, from 1 in the young to 1^ diameters in the 

 adult from the end of the snout, and nearly 1 diameter apart. Interorbital space 

 flattened, with a rather sharp ridge running down its centre. The lower jaw 

 the longer : the maxilla reaches to beneath the first third of the eye. Preorbital 

 much narrower posteriorly than it is anteriorly. Free portion of tail wider than 

 deep. Teeth minute in the jaws, also on the vomer, palatines, and in a band 

 along the middle of the tongue. Fins dorsal spines weak, increasing in length 

 to the 4th and 5th, subsequent to which they decrease, a short interspace between 

 the two fins, the second being much lower than the first and similar to the 



