CALLIONYMIDiE. 175 



Wern. Mem. i, p. 529 ; Kroyer, Dan. Fiske i, p. 422 : Cuv. Regne Anim. 111. 

 Poiss. t. lxxxii, f. i ; Nilss. Skand. Fauna Fisk. p. 212 ; Swainson, Fishes ii, 

 p. 280 ; Guichen. Explor. Sc. Alger. Poiss. p. 78; White, Catal. Brit. Fish. p. 55 ; 

 Thompson, N. H. Ireland, iv, p. 117 : Schlegel, Dieren Neder. 70, pi. vi, f. 6, 7; 

 Giinther, Catal. iii, p. 139; Mcintosh, Fish. St. Andrew's, p. 174; Steind. Ich. 

 Span. n. Port. 1868, p. 66 ; Collett, Norges Fiske, p. 62 ; Winther, Prod. Ich. Dan. 

 Mar. 1879, p. 19 ; Moreau, Poiss. France, ii, p. 164. 



Gallionymus dracunculus (female) Linn. Syst. Nat. i, p. 433 ; Bonnaterre, 1. c. 

 p. 43, pi. xxvii, f . 94 ; Strom, Norske Selsk. Nye Handl. i, p. 149 ; Bloch, ii, 

 p. 84, t. clxii, f. 2; Lacep. ii, p. 335; Bl. Schn. p. 40; Gmel. Linn. p. 1152; 

 Risso, Ich. Nice, p. 1042; Retz. Fauna, p. 313; Mull. Zool. Dan. i, p. 434; 

 Donovan, Brit. Fish, iv, t. lxxxiv; Turt. Brit. Fauna, p. 89; Johnston, Zool. 

 Journ. iii, p. 336, and Berwick. Nat. Club, 1838, i, p. 172 ; Thompson, Pro. Zool. 

 Soc. 1835, p. 81, and Nat. Hist. Ireland, iv, p. 118: Cuv. and Val. xii, p. 274; 

 Yarrell, Brit. Fish. (Ed. 1) i, p. 266, c. Fig. (Ed. 2) i, p. 302 (Ed. 3) ii, p. 315; 

 Templeton, Mag. Nat. Hist. (2) 1837, i, p. 410 ; Parnell, Fishes Firth of Forth, 

 p. 90, and Wern. Mem. vii, p. 250 : Guichen. Explor. Sc. Alger. Poissons, p. 79 

 (not G. dracunculus Risso, Bonaparte, Canestrini, or Moreau). 



Gallionymus elegans, Lesueur, Bull. Sc. Soc. Phil, de Paris 1814, p. 6, pi. i, 

 f. 17 (? young). 



Uranoscopus lyra (male), U. dracunculus (female) and U. micropterygms, 

 (immature male) Gronov. ed Gray. pp. 42, 43. 



Dusky skulpin, Couch, Fish. Brit. Isles, ii, p. 178. pi. civ. 



B. vi, D. 4/9, P. 20, V. 1/5, A. 9, C. 9, Vert. 8/13. 



Length of head 4 in the male, 5 in the female, of caudal fin 5, height of body 

 7 in the total length. Eye directed upwards and slightly outwards : lids with 

 free edges only along the lower margin of the eyes, the skin of the head being 

 continued over their upper portion. Interorbital space very narrow. Head broad 

 and compressed. Snout much more elongated and pointed in the adult than in 

 the immature males or in the females. Upper jaw protractile. A strong spine, 

 at the angle of the preopercle, which is shorter than the eye : it is compressed and 

 terminates in three triangular processes, two of which are directed upwards, one 

 backwards, while a fourth at its base is pointed forwards. Teeth in jaws small, 

 absent from vomer or palatines. Fins in the male the first dorsal ray is much 

 elongated, reaching beyond the base of the caudal fin, while the remainder of the 

 rays are longer than in the female. In the female (and immature males) the first 

 dorsal spine is very slightly prolonged ; the last ray of the second dorsal divided 

 to its base and also elongated. The ventral rays and the seven central ones of the 

 caudal fin are sub-divided at their extremities ; the remainder are undivided. 

 In the young males the head is broader than in the females. Lateral- 

 line single ; but the two are connected together by one or two ptxdonga- 

 tions over the free edge of the tail. Anal papilla prominent in adult males, 

 slightly so in the immature, and hidden in the female. Colours in the male : 

 cheeks and lower half of the head orange with rounded spots and marking's of 

 ultramarine blue, some of which extend on to the upper surface of the head. 

 The upper surface of the body yellow tinged with red, having light blue or lilac- 

 coloured spots and markings. An ultramarine blue band passes from the upper 

 part of the base of the pectoral fin to the base of the caudal ; immediately below 

 this is an orange stripe, and next a second blue one. First dorsal fin of a dull 

 lemon colour, with a longitudinal reddish or lilac basal band, and vertical ones in 

 its superior two-thirds. Second dorsal with four pale blue bands. Caudal lemon 

 coloured and blue in about equal parts. Ventral dark bluish pm^ple with a few 

 lighter spots at its base. Pectoral having its upper half reddish brown, with 

 indistinct bands. Anal with a dark outer edge. Female of a dull brown, 

 becoming light on the sides and white beneath : on it are irregularly-placed 

 darker spots and blotches, with numerous light or brown spots along the body 

 above the lateral-line, immediately below which is an irregular row of about eight 

 dark marks, while the lower surface is white ; there are three dark bands, more 



