CYPRINID^E. 185 



and attain a considerable size, Ireland, from north to south of the island, chiefly 

 in lakes and slow rivers. It is probably found in every connty possessing- suitable 

 localities. Rutty mentions the " Roche " as existing in the Liffey and Finglass 

 Brook : while Templeton observed of the Rudd, " exceedingly common in the 

 north of Ireland, where it is mistaken for the roach." 



Specimen figured nearly 9 inches long : it attains over 2 lb. Mr. Norman took 

 one in Norfolk weighing 31b. 1 oz. (Lowe). 



5. Leuciscus phoxinus, Plate CXXXIV, fig. 1. 



Phoxinus, Belon. p. 322. Phoxinus belonii, Aldrov. p. 582. Minow, Willugh. 

 p. 268, t. Q8, f. 7 ; Ray, p. 125 ; Pennant, Brit. Zool. (Ed. 1776) iii, p. 373, pi. v, 

 f. 6 (Ed. 1812) iii, p. 489. Cyprinus, sp. Artedi, Gen. p. 4, no. 9, Spec. p. 30, 

 no. 16, and Synon. p. 12, no. 22, 23, and p. 13, no. 29. Veron, Duham. Peches, 

 ii, p. 515, pi. xxvi, f. 7. 



Cyprinus phoxinus, Linn. Syst. Nat. i, p. 528 ; Gmel. Linn. p. 1422 ; Bl. 

 Fische Deuts. p. 60, t. viii, f . 5 ; Bonnat. Ency. Ich. p. 194, pi. lxxix, f. 528 ; 

 Shaw, Zool. v, p. 132 ; Bl. Schn. p. 437 ; Lacep. v, p. 571 ; Jurine, Poiss. Lac- 

 Leman, p. 229, pi. xiv ; Donovan, Brit. Fish, iii, pi. lx ; Turton, p. 109 ; Jenyns, 

 Man. p. 415 ; Johnston, Berwick. N. H. F. Club, 1838, i, p. 172; Ekstrom, Morko, 

 p. 26 ; Gronov. ed Gray, p. 185. 



Cyprinus aphya, Linn. 1. c. p. 528. 



Cyprinus rivularis, Pall. Zoo. Ross. -As. iii, p. 330. 



Leuciscus phoxinus, Flem. Brit. An. p. 188; Nilss. Skand. Fauna, iv, p. 319; 

 Cuv. and Val. xvii, p. 363 ; Yarrell, Brit. Fish. (ed. 1) i, p. 372, c. fig. (ed. 2) 

 i, p. 423 (ed. 3) i, p. 442 ; Pamell, Wern. Mem. vii, p. 268 ; Thompson, Nat. 

 Hist. Ireland, iv, p. 138 ; Swainson, ii, p. 285 ; White, Catal. p. 68 ; Guntker, 

 Catal. vii, p. 237 ; Giglioli, Catal. Pesc. Ital. p. 45. 



Phoxinus Icevis, Agassiz, Mem. Soc. Sc. Nat. Neuch. i, p. 37 ; Heckel and Kner, 

 Suss. w. f . p. 210, f. cxix and cxx ; Siebold, Suss. w. f . p. 222 ; Blancbard, Poiss. 

 France, p. 410, t. c. ; Canestrini, Fauna Ital. Pesc. p. 16 ; Moreau, Poiss. France, 

 iii, p. 392. 



Phoxinus marsilii, Heckel, Ann. Wien. Mus. i, p. 232. 



Phoxinus chrysoprasius, Nordmann, in Demid. Voy. Russ. Merid. iii, p, 482. 



Phoxinus aphya, Kroyer, Dan. Fiske, iii, p. 524, c. fig. ; Collett, Norges Fisk. 

 p. 183 ; Feddersen, Danske Fersk. Fiske, p. 91 ; Malm, Fauna, p. 564. 



Minnow, Couch, Fish. Brit. Isles, iv, p. 64, pi. cxcix, f. i ; Houghton, Brit. 

 F. W. Fish. p. 63, c. fig. 



B. Ill, D 9-10 ( _V), P. 15, V. 9-10, A 10-11 ( T ? ), C. 19, L. 1, 80 to 90, 



Vert. 21/19. 



Length of head 4f to 5, of caudal fin 6 to 6, height of body 5j to 5| in the 

 total length. Eyes situated just in front of the middle of the length of the head, 

 about 1^ or 2 diameters from the end of the snout, and 1 diameter apart. Snout 

 rounded ; mouth anterior ; the upper jaw projects a little beyond the lower when 

 the mouth is closed, the maxilla extends backwards to beneath the first third of 

 the eye. Barbels absent. Teeth pharyngeal, in 2 rows, conical and crooked 

 5-4, 2 | 2, 4-5. Grill-rakers few and short. Fins dorsal commences about mid- 

 way between the end of the snout and the base of the caudal fin, and slightly 

 behind the origin of the ventral : the base of the dorsal fin terminates in a line 

 above the origin of the anal fin. Caudal emarginate. Scales in the live fish 

 rather concealed in mucus. Lateral-line incomplete. Colours of a silvery 

 pink tint, especially during summer, darkest along the upper half of the body and 

 with numerous vertical bands descending from the back to the lateral-line and a 

 black spot at the centre of the base of the caudal fin. Fins silvery-gray. But the 

 colours are subject to great variation and mostly fine points of black are seen over 

 the entire body. Sometimes there is a black band along the side. 



Varieties. Dr. Moreau finds the lateral-line in some instances continued on 

 one (the left) side to the base of the caudal fin. Manley alludes to a golden 

 coloured one caught at the mouth of the Gadd, near Rickmonsworth. 



