188 PHYSOSTOMI. 



Genus VI Tinca, Guvier. 



Pseudobranchiai 'minute. Mouth anterior : lips thick hut destitute of any horny 

 covering. Barbels 2, one at either angle of the mouth. Pharyngeal teeth in one row, 

 4s or 5 | 5 or 4 cuneiform, ivith a slightly hooked extremity. Gill-rakers short and 

 lanceolate. Dorsal fin rather short, commencing slightly behind the origin of the 

 ventral; anal short : caudal slightly emarginate : scales small, embedded in a thick 

 skin and covered with mucus. Lateral-line complete. 



Geographical distribution. Fresh waters of Europe and of Asia Minor. 



The tench has been said to have been introduced into England about the year 

 1514, but tbere does not appear to be any decisive evidence that it is not an 

 indigenous species. It has been acclimatized in the waters around Ootacamund on 

 the Neilgherry Hills in Madras, where it is thriving (Day, Fishes of India, 1878, 

 p. 594). 



1. Tinca vulgaris, Plate CXXXIV, fig. 2. 



Tinca, Auson. v, p. 125 ; Belon. i, p. 324 ; Rondel, ii, p. 157 ; Salv. p. 90, 

 t. lxxxix ; Gesner, p. 984 ; Aldrov. v, p. 646 ; Willugh. p. 251, c. vi, t. Q5, f. 1 ; 

 Ray, Pise. p. 117; Rutty, Nat. His. Co. Dublin, 1772, i, p. 366. 



Gyprinus, sp. Artedi, Gen. p. 4, no. 6, Spec. p. 27, no. 14, and Synon. p. 5, 

 no. 7 ; Gronov. Zooph. no. 328. Brama, Sp. Klein, Pise. Miss, v, p. 63, no. 6. 

 Tench, Pennant, Brit. Zool. (Ed. 1776), iii, p. 359, and (Ed. 1812), iii, p. 474; 

 Bowdich, Brit. F. W. Fish. no. 13. 



Tanche, Duhamel, ii, p. 506, t. xxvi, f. 1 ; Bonn. Ency. Ich. p. 191, pi. lxxvii, 

 f. 320. 



Gyprinus tinea, Linn. Syst. Nat. i, p. 526 ; Mull. Prod. Zool. Dan. p. 50 ; 

 Gmel. Linn. p. 1413 ; Bloch, Ich. p. 87, t. xiv, p. 94, t. xv (variety aurata) ; 

 Bl. Schn. p. 448; Lacep. v, pp. 491, 534; Donovan, Brit. Fish, v, pi. cxiii ; 

 Pallas, Zoo. Ross. -As. iii, p. 310; Turton, p. 108 ; Jenyns, Manual, p. 405; 

 Ekstrom, Fisk. Morko, p. 67 ; Ekstr. and Fries, Skand. Fisk, p. 205, pi. Iii ; 

 Templeton, M. N. H. 1837 (2), i, p. 410 ; Johnstone, Berwick. N. H. F. Club, 

 1838, i, p. 172 ; Costa, Fauna Nap. Pesc. p. 9 ; Gronov. ed. Gray, p. 179 ; 

 Schlegel, De Diei-en Neder. p. 102, pi. xi, f. 1. 



Tinea vulgaris, Cuv. Regne Anim. ii, p. 273 ; Jurine, Poiss. LacLeman, 

 p. 205, pi. x ; Fleming, Brit. An. p. 186 ; Nilss. Skand. Faun, iv, p. 296 ; Cuv. 

 and Val. xvi, p. 322, pi. cccclxxxiv ; Yarrell, Brit. Fish. (ed. 1), i, p. 328, c. fig. 

 (ed. 2) i/ p. 375, (ed. 3), i, p. 389; Nord. in Demid. Voy. Ross. Merid. iii, 

 p. 481 ; Kroyer, Danm. Fisk. iii, p. 351, c. fig. ; White, Catal. p. 62 ; Heckel and 

 Kner, Suss. w. f . p. 75, f . 34 and 35 ; Nilss. Skand. Fauna, Fisk. p. 297 ; 

 Thompson, Nat. Hist. Ireland, iv, p. 136 ; Siebold, Suss. w. f. p. 106 ; Canes. Arch. 

 Zool. iv, 1866, p. 69 ; Malmgren, Wieg. Arch, xxx, p. 310 ; Blanchard, Poiss. 

 France, p. 317, i. 64 ; Collett, Norges Fiske, p. 183 ; Giinther, Catal. vii, p. 265 ; 

 Moreau, Poiss. France iii, p. 383 ; Canestrini, Fauna D'ltal. Pesc. p. 12 ; Giglioli, 

 Catal. Pesc. Ital. p. 45 ; Feddersen, De Danske F. fiske, p. 84. 



Tincta aurata, Cuv. Reg. Anim. 



Tinea chrysitis, Agass. Mem. Soc. Sc. Nat. Neuch. i, p. 37 ; Bonap. Faun. Ital. 

 Pesc. iii, p. 93, t. f. 2. 



Tinea communis, Swainson, Fish, ii, p. 285. 



Tinea italica, Bonap. 1. c. 



Leuciscus tinca, Giinther, Fisc. Neckars, p. 50. 



Tinca Linnei, Malm, Fauna, p. 564. 



Tench, Couch, Fishes of Brit. Isles, iv, p. 22, pi. clxxxiii ; Houghton, British 

 Freshwater Fishes, p. 49, c. fig. 



Golden tench, Houghton, 1. c. p. 51, c. fig. 



B. iii, D. 12-13 (fif), P. 17, V. 9-10, A. 9-10 ( _V), C. 17, L. 1. 90 to 115, 

 L. tv. 30/31. 



