cyprinlcle. 201 



Second Group Cobitidinae. 



The loaches, or the second group of the true carps, is comprised of forms in 

 which the two lateral portions of the air-bladder are partially or entirely enclosed 

 in bone, enabling it to be employed as an acoustic organ. These are mostly small 

 fishes, and the two genera represented in Great Britain may thus be recognized : 



With an erectile spine near the orbit . . . Gohitis. 



Without any ...... Nemacheilus. 



Genus IX Cobitis, sp. Artedi. 

 Botia, sp. Gray. 



Body elongated and moderately compressed : bach not elevated. Six barbels, all 



of which belong to the upper jaw. A large erectile, bifid, suborbital spiyie. Dorsal 



fin short, and commencing nearly or quite opposite the ventrals. Caudal fin 



truncated or rounded. The internal ray of the pectoral fin may be modified into a 



flat osseous spine. 



1. Cobitis taenia, Plate CXXXVII, fig. 3. 



Cobitis aculeata, Rondel, ii, p. 204; Gesner, pp. 404, 482; Aldrov. v, p. 617 ; 

 Jonston, lib. iii, tit. i, c. xii, art. iii, p. 143, t. 26, f . 22, 23 ; Willughby, p. 265, 

 t. Q8, f. 3 ; Ray, Pise. p. 124. Taenia comuta, Willugh. 1. c. p. 226. Cobitis, sp. 

 Artedi, Gen. p. 2, no. 1, Species, p. 4, no. 1, and Synon. p. 3, no. 2 ; Gronov. Zooph. 

 no. 202. Enchelyopus, Klein, MSS. iv, p. 59, no. 4. 



Cobitis taenia, Linn. Syst. Nat. i, p. 499 ; Gmel. Linn. p. 1349 ; Bloch, 

 Ich. i, p. 326, t. xxxi, f. 2 ; Bonnaterre, Ency. Ich. p. 148, pi. lxi, f . 242 ; 

 Bl. Schn. p. 434; Lacep. v, p. 9 ; Pallas, Zoo. Ross.-Asi. iii, p. 166; Mull. Prod. 

 Zoo. Dan. p. 47 ; Turton, Brit. Fauna, p. 103 ; Flem. Brit. An. p. 189 ; Jenyns, 

 Manual, p. 417; Nilss. Skand. Fauna, iv, p. 345; Cuv. and Val. xviii, p. 58; 

 Yarrell, Brit. Fish. (ed. 3) i, p. 452, c. fig.; Thompson, P. Z. Soc. 1837, p. 59; 

 Heckel and Kner, Suss. w. f. p. 303, f. 163 ; Costa, Faun. Nap. p. 31 ; Siebold, 

 Suss. w. f. p. 338 ; Schlegel, Dieren Neder. p. 124, pi. ix, f. 6 ; Malmgren, Wieg. 

 Arch. 1864, p. 306 ; Steind. Sitz. Ak. Wiss. Wien. 1865, Nov. 3rd ; Canestrini, 

 Arch. Zool. iv, 1866, p. 148, and Faun. Ital. Pesc. p. 20 ; Malm, Fauna, p. 569 ; 

 Blanchard, Poiss. France, p. 285, fig. 54 ; Giinther, Cafcal. vii, p. 362 ; Giglioli, 

 Pesc. Ital. Catal. p. 45 ; Moreau, Poiss. France, iii, p. 434. 



Botia taenia, Gray, Zool. Misc. p. 8 ; Yarrell, Brit. Fish. (ed. 2) i, p. 432, c. fig. ; 

 Kroyer, Danm. Fisk. iii, p. 564 ; White, Catal. p. 69 ; Feddersen, Danske F. Fiske, 

 p. 92. 



Acanthopsis tcenia, Agassiz, Mem. Soc. Sc. Neuch. i, p. 36 ; Nord. in Demid. 

 Voy. Ross. Merid. iii, p. 468 ; Bonap. Pesc. Eur. p. 26. 



Cobitis elongata, Heckel and Kner, 1. c. p. 305, f . clxiv. 



Cobitis barbatula, Gronov. ed. Gray, p. 41. 



Cobitis larvata, De Filipi, Mem. Ace. Turin, xix, p. 71 ; Canestrini, 1. c. p. 152. 



Spined loach, Couch, Fish. Brit. Isles, iv, p. 72, pi. excix, f. 3 ; Houghton, 

 British Freshwater Fishes, p. 66, c, fig. 



B. iii, D. 9-10 (:), P. 8-9, V. 6-7, A. 7-8 (V), C. 16. 



Length of head 5| to 6, of caudal fin 6| to 7, height of body 7 to 9 in the total 

 length. Eyes 5 to 6 diameters in the length of the head, and situated about its 

 centre, from 1^ to 2 diameters from the end of the snout, and 1 diameter apart. 

 Body strongly compressed, more especially posterior to the dorsal fin. Mouth 



