MUR^ENID^. 241 



will quit a pool to avoid it. In the cold months of the year they remain 

 imbedded in the mud, into which they descend some 12 to 16 inches. In Somer- 

 setshire their retreats (for they retire in large communities) on the banks of 

 rivers are said to be ascertained by observing that the hoar frost does not lie over 

 the mouths of the holes into which they have retreated as it does elsewhere. 

 Eels, although often killed by frost, still at times are able to endure a low tempe- 

 rature, having even been frozen, buried for several days in the snow, and then 

 gradually thawed to life again ; while it has been asserted that in Russia they are 

 frozen, and thus conveyed long distances, packed in straw, and are thawed on 

 arrival at their destination. Eels have been known to occasionally quit the water 

 and travel over moist places in search of food, as frogs or snails, or to find more 

 suitable localities in which to live, for some waters are very obnoxious to them. 

 They may be tamed and taught to come for their food at certain sounds, while 

 they appear to recognize those who feed them. 



1. Anguilla vulgaris, Plate CXLII, fig. 1. 



Anguilla, Belon. p. 295 ; Rondel, ii, p. 198 ; Salvian. Fol. 64 ; Jonston, lib. 

 ii, tit. ii, civ, p. 120, t. xxiv, f . 7, 8 ; Willugh. p. 109, t. G5 ; Ray, Syn. Pise. p. 

 37 ; Rutty, Nat. Hist. Co. Dublin, i, p. 351. Murcena, sp. no. 1, Artedi, Gen. 

 p. 24, spec. p. 66, Synon. p. 39. Conger, Klein, Mis. lib. iii, p. 27, no. 6 ; 

 Gronov. Zoop. no. 166. Common eel, Pennant, Brit. Zool. (Ed. 1776) iii, p. 142 

 (Ed. 1812) iii, p. 191 ; Low, Orkneys, p. 184. Sharp-nosed-eel, broad-nosed- eel, 

 and snig-eel, Bowdich, Brit. F. W. Fishes, no. 7, 22, 28. 



Murcena anguilla, Linn. Syst. Nat. i, p. 426 ; Bloch, Ich. pt. iii, p. 610, t. 73 ; 

 Gmel. Linn. p. 1133; Bonnaterre, Ency. Ich. p. 34, pi. xxiv, f. 81; Bl. Schn. p. 

 486 ; Lacep. ii, p. 226 ; Jurine, Poiss. du LacLeman, pi. i ; Faber, Fisch. Isl. 

 p. 59 ; Pall. Zoo. Ross.-Asi. iii, p. 71 ; Ekstrom, Vet. Ak. Handl. 1831, p. 285 and 

 Fische Morko, p. 139 ; Nilss. Skan. Fauna, iv, p. 631 ; Gronov. ed. Gray, p. 18. 



Anguilla vulgaris, Turton, Brit. Fauna, p. 87 ; Shaw, Zool. iv, p. 15 ; Fleming, 

 Brit. An. p. 199; Johnston, Berwick. N. H. F. Club, 1838, i, p. 175; Bonap. 

 Pesc. Eur. ; Costa, Faun. Nap. Pesc. pi. Iv and lix, fig. 1 ; Siebold, Suss. w. f . 

 p. 342 ; Malmgren, Wieg. Arch. 1864, p. 303 ; Blanchard, Poiss. de la France, 

 p. 491, fig. 129 ; Gunther, Catal. viii, p. 28 ; Schlegel, Dieren Neder, p. 87, pi. 

 ix, f. 1 ; Winther, Prod. Ich. Dan. Mar. p. 50 ; Feddersen, p. 93 ; Collett, Norges 

 Fiske, p. 196 ; Canestrini, Fauna D'ltal. Pesci, p. 29 ; Giglioli, Cat. Pesc. Ital. 

 p 46 ; Houghton, Brit. F. W. Fish. p. 187, c. fig. ; Moreau, Poiss. de la France, 

 iii, p. 560. 



Anguilla latirostris, Risso, Ich. Nice, p. 89, and Eur. Merid. iii, p. 199; 

 Yarrell, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1831, p. 133, Zool. Journal, iv, p. 409, British Fishes 

 (edition 1) ii, p. 298, c. fig. (ed. 2) ii, p. 396, (ed. 3) i, p. 62; Johnston, Berwick. 

 N. H. F. Club, 1838, i, p. 175; Parnell, Wern. Mem. vii, p. 387; Thompson, 

 Ann. Nat. Hist. 1839, ii, pp. 21, 270 and Nat. Hist. Ireland, iv, p. 225; Jenyns, 

 Manual, p. 476 ; White, Catal. p. Ill ; Kroyer, Dan. Fisk. iii, p. 656, c. fig. ; 

 Kaup, Apodal Fish, p. 38, f. 26 ; Gunther, Catal. viii, p. 32 ; Malm, Fauna, p. 

 591 ; Houghton, Brit. F. W. Fish, p. 188, c. fig. ; Giglioli, 1. c. p. 47. 



Anguilla Canariensis, Val. Isles Canar. p. 88, pi. xx, f. 1. 



Anguilla callensis, Guichenot, Poiss. Alger, p. Ill, pi. vii, f. I. 



Anguilla acutirostris and rnedtorostris, Risso, Eur. Merid. iii, pp. 198, 199; 

 Yarrell, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1831, p. 133, Zool. Journ. iv, p. 469, Brit. Fishes 

 (ed. 1) ii, pp. 284 and 301, c. fig. (ed. 2) ii, pp. 381, 399 (ed. 3) i, pp. 44, 65; 

 Templeton, Mag. Nat. Hist. 1837 (2) i, p. 412 ; Parnell, Wern. Mem. vii, p. 384 ; 

 Jenyns, Manual, pp. 474, 477; White, 1. c. p. Ill; Kroyer, Damn. Fisk. iii, 

 p. 642, c. fig. ; Thompson, Ireland, iv, pp. 222, 227 ; Blanchard, 1. c. pp. 496, 

 497, f. 131, 132, p. 474; Costa, Fauna Nap. Pesc. pis. lvi, lix, fig. 4, 5. 



Murcena oxyrliina and platyrhina, Eks. Fisch. Morko, p. 142. 



Murcena acutirostris and latirostris, Nilss. 1. c. p. 663. 



Anguilla anguilla, Swainson, Fishes, ii, p. 333. 



Anguilla migratoria, Kroyer, Danm. Fisk. iii, p. 616. 



16 



