250 PLAGIOSTOMATA. 



Family V TRYGONIDiE. 



Disk wide : pectorals continued to the end of the snout, where they become 

 confluent. Tail long, slender, and without any lateral folds. Vertical fins, when 

 present, imperfectly developed or modified into a serrated spine. 



These fishes are found in tropical and temperate seas. 



Genus I Trtgon, Adanson. 



Himantura, Hemiirygon and Hypolophus, Mull, and Henle : Dasyatis, Rafin. : 

 Paratrygon, Dumeril : Pastinaca, Swainson. 



Disk oval or rlwmhoidal : tail elongated and tapering. Nasal valves coalescent, 

 forming a quadrangular flap. Teeth flattened or with a central point or transverse 

 ridge. Pectoral fins united anteriorly : tail destitute of a fin, or if with a cutaneous 

 fold, such does not extend to its extremity : it is armed superiorly with, one or two 

 lanceolate spines serrated on both sides. Body smooth or tvith tubercles. 



Geographical distribution. Temperate and tropical seas, being more common 

 in the latter than in the former. 



1. Trygon pastinaca, Plate CLXXV. 



Pastinaca marina, Belon. p. 94 ; Rondel, p. 331 ; Salvian. p. 144, t. xlix ; 

 Jonston, p. 32, pi. ix, f. 7 ; Willughby, p. 67, t. C3 ; Ray, Synop. Pise. 24. Raia, 

 sp. 324, Artedi, Synon, p. 100, Genera, p. 71 ; Gronov. Mus. Ich. i, p. 64, no. 141 

 and Zoo no. 158. Sting-ray, Pennant, Brit. Zool. (ed. 1776) iii, p. 95 (ed. 1812) 

 iii, p. 125 ; Duhamel, Peches, iii, sect, ix, p. 282, pi. ix, f. 8. 



Raia pastinaca, Linn, i, p. 396 ; Bloch, t. 82 ; Bonnaterre, Ency. Ich. p. 3, 

 pi. ii, fig. 8; Gmel. Linn. p. 1509; Lacepede, i, p. 114; Bl. Schn. p. 460; 

 Donovan, Brit. Fishes, v, pi. xcix ; Turton, Brit. Fauna, p. 112; Risso, Ich. Nice, 

 p. 10. 



Trygon vulgaris, Risso, Eur. Merid. iii, p. 160; Moreau, Poiss. de la France, i, 

 p. 448, fig. 77. 



Try gonobatus pastinaca, Blainv. Fauna France, p. 35, pi. vi, f. 1, 2. 



Trygon lymma, Geoff. St. Hil. Desc. Eg. Poiss. p. 219, pi. xxvii, f. 1. 



Trygon pastinaca, Cuv. Regne Anim. ; Flem. Brit. An. p. 170; Bonap. Fauna 

 Ital. Pesc. p. 33, c. fig. ; Jenyns, Manual, p. 518 ; Yarrell, Brit. (ed. 1) ii, p. 442 

 c. fig. (ed. 2) ii, p. 588 (ed. 3) ii, p. 591 ; Mull, and Henle, p. 161 ; Nilss. Skand. 

 Fauna, iv, p. 741; Templeton, Mag. Nat. Hist. 1837, (2) i, p. 413; Parnell, 

 Wern. Mem. vii, p. 440, pi. xliii ; Kroyer, Danm. Fisk. iii, p. 1018, c. fig. ; Gray, 

 Cat. Cart. Fish. p. 118; White, Catal. p. 142; Thompson, Nat. Hist. Ireland, iv, 

 p, 263; Schlegel, Dieren Neder. p. 201, pi. xix, f. 3; Dumeril, Ich. i, p. 600; 

 Giinther, Catal. viii, p. 478 ; Malm, Fauna, p. 617 ; Winther, Prod. Ich. Dan. Mar. 

 p. 61; Canestrini, Fauna d'ltal. Pesc. p. 59; Giglioli, Cat. Pesc. Ital. p. 55. 



Raia sayi, Lesueur, Journ. Ac. Nat. Sc. Phil. 1817, i, p. 42. 



Trygon ahajei, Mull, and Henle, p. 165, t. liii ; Schlegel, Fauna Japon. Poiss. 

 p. 308 ; Bleeker, Act. Soc. Sc. Indo-Neerl. ii, Japan, iv, p. 44 ; Dumeril, 1. c. 

 p. 604. 



Trygon sayi, Mull, and Henle, 1. c. p. 166 ; Dumeril, 1. c. p. 603. 



Myliobatis sayi, Storer, Mem. Amer. Acad, ii, p. 514. 



Pastinaca olivacea, Swainson, Fishes, ii, p. 319. 



Pastinaca losvis, Gronov. ed. Gray, p. 11. 



Sting-ray, Couch, Fishes Brit. Isles, i, p. 130, p\ xxxi. 



