PLEURONECTID^. 21 



Genus V Arnoglossus, Bleeker. 



B ranchiostegals six or seven : pseudobranchice present. Eyes on the left side. 

 Cleft of mouth deep. Teeth small and one or tivo roivs in both jaivs : present or 

 absent from the vomer : none on the palatines. Gill -membranes broadly united below 

 the throat : gill-rakers fine. Dorsal fin commences on the snout and is not conjoined 

 to the caudal. Preanal spines may be present. Scales of moderate size and 

 deciduous. Lateral-line ivith a curve in the first portion of its course. 



Geographical distribution. From, the seas of northern Europe, through the 

 Mediterranean and the East Indian archipelago. 



1. Arnoglossus megastoma, Plate XCVIII. 



Passer Cornubiensis, Jago in Ray, Syn. Pise. p. 163, f. 2. Whiff, Pennant, 

 Brit. Zool. (ed. 1776) iii, p. 238 (ed. 1812) hi, p. 324, pi. Hi. Pleuronectes, sp. 

 30, Walb. Art. iii, p. 120. Carter, Couch, Trans. Linn. Soc. xiv, p. 78. 



Rhombus cardina, pt. Cuv. Regne Anim. 



Pleuronectes megastoma, Donovan, Brit. Fish, iii, pi. li ; Turton, Brit. Fauna, 

 P. 97 ; Fleming, p. 196 ; Jenyns, p. 464 ; Templeton, Mag. Nat. Hist. 1837 (2) 

 i, p. 411 ; Thompson, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1835, p. 81, and Nat. Hist. Ireland, iv, 

 p. 203 ; Yarrell, Brit. Fishes (Ed. 1) ii, p. 251, c. fig. (Ed. 2) ii, p. 342 (Ed. 3) i, 

 p. 654; Johnston, Berw. Nat. Field Club, 1838, i, p. 174; Bonap. Pesc. Eur. 

 p. 47 ; Diiben and Koren, Vet. Akad. Handl. 1844, p. 102 ; White, Catal. p. 104; 

 Schlegel, Dieren Neder. p. 165, pi. xv, f . 4 ; Moreaii, Poiss. France, iii, p. 332. 



Pleuronectes pseudopalus, Pennant, Brit. Zool. (ed. 1812) iii, p. 324, pi. iii. 



Pleuronectes Boscii, Risso, Ich. Nice, p. 319, pi. vii, f. 33 ; Bonap. Faun. Ital. 

 c. fig. ; Canest. Arch. Zool. t. i, p. 19, pi. ii. f . 2 ; Moreau, Poiss. France, iii, 

 p. 330. 



Hippo glossus Boscii, Risso, Eur. Merid. iii, p. 246. 



Rhombus megastoma, Nilss. Skand. Fauna, iv, p. 641 ; Gunther, Catal. iv, 

 p. 411 ; Malm, p. 516. 



Zeugopterus velivolans, Richards. Yarrell, Brit. Fish. (Ed. 3) i, p. 656 a. 

 Zeugoptems megastoma, Collett, Norges Fiske, p. 138. 



Arnoglossus boscii, Gunther, Catal. iv, p. 416. 



Zeugopterns Gottsche, Whither, Ich. Dan. Mar. p. 38. 



Sail-fluke and Carter, Couch, Fish. Brit. Isles, iii, pp. 163, 167, pp. clxiii and 

 clxiv. 



B. vii, D. 85-89 (91), P. 13, V. 6, A. 61-71 (75), C. 15, L.l. 104-110, Ccec. pyl. 

 2, Vert. 11/30. 



Length of head 4, of caudal fin 5|, height of body 3 in the total length. 

 Eyes on the left side, the lower nearly one-half in advance of the upper, diameter 

 1/4 of length of head, 1 diameter from the end of the snout, and only divided 

 by a very narrow and ridged interorbital space. Lower jaw prominent ; cleft of 

 mouth oblique ; the length of the maxilla equals nearly 1/2 the length of the 

 head. Teeth in jaws rather small, and in about 2 rows ; some on vomer : none 

 on the palate. Fins the dorsal fin commences in front of the upper eye, and 

 is continued to within a moderately short distance of the base of the caudal fin, 

 its longest rays being in the last third of the fin, most of them and also of 

 anal fin are branched. Pectoral half as long as the head, ventral not conjoined 

 to the anal, which latter fin terminates similarly to the dorsal. Caudal wedge- 

 shaped. Free portion of the tail as long as high at its base. Scales strongly 

 ctenoid covering the head and body, also a row along each fin ray. Lateral line 

 with an almost semi-circular curve above the pectoral fin. No spine before the 

 anal fin. Gill-rakers closely set and about half as long as the diameter of the 

 eye. Colours of a brownish yellow with obscure spots : under side white, some- 



