INDEX — GLOSSARY 



415 



Blastoids, 157-159; calyx, etc., see 

 Pentremites ; geologic range of, 409. 



Blastopore, loi ; of Hj^drozoa, 11 1. 



Blastula, in brachiopods, 186; in corals, 

 125; in crustaceans, 283; in hy- 

 drozoons, iii; in pelecypods, 216; 

 in sponges, loi. 



Blattoidea, 318. 



Blenny, 339. 



Blind crayfish, 275. 



Blind trilobites, 291. 



Blood, of crustaceans, 281 ; of gastro- 

 pods, 242 ; of vertebrates, 332, ^^i. 



Blood circulation, see under the separate 

 classes. 



Blood sinuses, 281. 



Blue crab, 307. 



Blue-green algaj, 33. 



Bone, composition of, 324 ; compared 

 to slag, 10; formation of, i; phos- 

 phoric acid in, 26. 



Bony fishes, 344-348. 



Bony plates, of Stegosaurus, 362. 



Book-gills, 309; evolution of, 310. 



Book lice, 318. 



Book-lungs, 309; evolution of, 310. 



Bos, 398. 



Brachia, 182, 1S2, 184, 192, IQ3. 



Brachial valve, 182, 182, 188; dis- 

 tinguished from pedicle valve, 189; 

 secretion of, 189. 



Brachidium (plu. brachidia), 181, 182, 

 184, 204. 



Brachiopoda, 181-204; fossils of, etc., 

 see brachiopods. 



Brachiopods, 181-204; classification of, 

 192 ; composition of shell of, 25, 26, 

 187, 193; development of, 186; 

 distribution of, in space, 190; food 

 of, etc., see Terebratidina ; fossils of, 

 192-204; geologic range of, 192, 409; 

 habitat of, 191 ; living, 191 ; long- 

 lived, 192; movement of, IQ3; per- 

 sistence in time, 192 ; retrogression in, 

 190; short-lived, 192; size of, 191; 

 survey of, 187-192; use of, in ancient 

 geography, 191 ; young stages in 

 growth of, IQ7. 



Brachiopod shells, composition of, 187, 

 193 ; distinguished from pelecypod 

 shells, 190 ; fungi in, 40. 



Bradypodidae, 382. 



Brain, function of, in preservation of 

 species, 374, 375; of alligator, 372; 

 of Annulata, 145 ; of Brontotherium, 

 375 ; of cat, 330, 333 ; of Chordata, 

 321; of crustaceans, 282, 270; of 

 Equus, 375; of horse, 37s; of Ich- 

 thyornis, 372 ; increase in size of 

 during the Tertiary, 373 ; of lobster, 

 27g ; of mammals, 330, 333 ; of tern, 

 372 ; of Uintatherium, 373 ; of ungu- 

 lates, comparison, 373. 



Brain-coral, 130. 



Braintree slates, fossils from, 203 ; 

 geologic age of, 295. 



Branchiae, 274. 



Branchial, pertaining to the branchiae, 

 or gills. 



Branchial chamber, in pelecypods, 210. 



Branchial clefts, gill-slits, 321. 



Branchial siphon, incurrent siphon. 



Branchiata, 274. 



Branchioniis, 141. 



Branchiosaurus, 352. 



Branchipus, 285, 303. 



Breast bone, see sternum. 



Bridger formation, fossils from, 379, 380 ; 

 geologic age of, 379, 380. 



Brine shrimp, 285. 



Brittle stars, 165. 



Brontosaurus, 360, 361 ; B. excelsus, 361 ; 

 food supply of, 361. 



Brontotherium gigas, 30 1 

 skull and brain of, 



3QI- 



Brooksella alternata, 122. 



Bryophyta, 44, 45 ; see bryophytes. 



Bryophytes, 42, 43, 44, 45 ; classifica- 

 tion of, 44 ; geologic range of, 408. 



Bryozoa, classification of, 177 ; digestion, 

 etc., see Bugula; fossil, 177-180; 

 geologic range of, 177, 409; survey of, 

 176. 



Buccal cavity of Busycon, 236. 



Budding, in ascidians, 322 ; in Chordata, 

 ^2 2; in corals, 127; in hydrozoons, 

 no; in sponges, 96. 



Bugs, 320. 



Bugula avkularia, 173-176, 174; B. 

 turrita, 173; chitin in, 174; digestive 

 system of, 174; embryo of, 176; 

 excretion of waste of, 175; introvert 

 of, 174, 174; lophophore of , 175, 174; 



B.ingens, 375; 

 375; herd of, 



