4i8 



INDEX — GLOSSARY 



Ceslus, 139. 



Cetacea, 398-399; see also whales; 



hind limbs of, 328. 

 ChcBtopleura apicidata, 208. 

 Chastopoda, 142-147. 

 Chain-coral, 137, 138. 

 Chalina, qj. 

 Chalk, 8g. 



Chara, 27, 35; food of the crayfish, 280. 

 Cheeks, of trilobites, fixed, 286, 287, 



2gi, 2q6; free, 286, 287, 2qi, 2q6. 

 Cheirolepis, 346. 

 Cheirostrohus, 55. 



Chelonia, 365 366; bones of , j(5<5 ; geo- 

 logic range of, 366 ; protection of, 365. 

 Chelonians, sclerotic plates in, 335. 

 Chert, due to Radiolaria, 94; due to 



sponge spicules, 98. 

 Chevron bones, 326 ; in reptiles, 360, 367. 

 Chimcera, 343. 



Chiroptera, 379; see also bats. 

 Chitin, composition of, 26 ; extent of, in 



the crayfish, 277 ; in animals, 26 ; 



in Annulata, 144; in fossilization, 114; 



in graptolites, 114, 115; in Hydrozoa, 



109 ; in Protozoa, 84, 94 ; in Sertularia, 



109. 

 Chitons, 207-208, 208; geologic range 



of, 208 ; mantle of, 208 ; skeleton of, 



208 ; spicules in, 208. 

 Chlorophyl, 29 ; absence of, 2,3; in 



algae, 35 ; use of, 2. 

 Choanoflagellata, 100. 

 Chondrostei, 346. 

 Chordata, 321 402 ; branchial clefts of, 



321 ; classification of, 321 ; geologic 



range of, 409 ; in evolution, 83 ; noto- 



chord of, 321. 

 Chordates, the Chordata. 

 Christmas fern, 46; development of, 45. 

 Chyle, in starfish, 152. 

 CiHum (plu. cilia), 95; in brachiopods, 



182, 184, 185 ; in Protozoa (Infusoria), 



95 ; in sponges, 99. 

 Circulation, see under the various classes 



of animals. 

 Cirripedia, 305-306; skeleton of, etc., 



see barnacles ; spermatozoon vibritile, 



310. 

 Cladoselache, 341. 

 Clams, 151, 153; little-neck, 208. 

 Clathrospongia, 105. 



Clavicle, of bats, 328 ; of carnivora, 328 ; 

 of cat, 325, 327; of fishes, 346; of 

 flying birds, 328, 372; of mammals, 

 325, 327; of primates, 328; of 

 Ungulata, 328. 



Claws, of birds, 370, 372 ; of cat, 327 ; 

 of flying reptiles, 357. 



Cleveland formation, fossils from, 341 ; 

 geologic age of, 341. 



Climacograptus, 119; C. typicalis, 119, 

 120. 



Climate, as indicated by plants, 30. 



Clinton formation, fossils from, 41, 120; 

 geologic age of, 41, 120. 



Clio, 244, 247-248; C. acicula, 248; 

 a pteropod, 248 ; type of Euthyneura, 

 244. 



Cliona, 96, 97, 106; C. sulphurea, 226. 



Cloaca, the common chamber into 

 which are discharged the waste prod- 

 ducts of the intestine and kidneys as 

 well as the generative products. This 

 is present in many fishes, in amphibia, 

 reptiles, birds and the lowest mammals. 



Cloacal, pertaining to a cloaca. 



Cloacal chamber in pelecypods, 210. 



Club-mosses, 51-54; in evolution, 55. 



Coal balls, 53, 54, 60. 



Coal mines, carbonized plants in, 13. 



Coccinella septem- punctata, 24. 



Cockroaches, 318. 



Codfishes, 348. 



Codonotheca, 57. 



Coecileans, 354. 



Coelenterata, 108-139; 5ee coelenterates. 



Coelenterates, 108-139; classification 

 of, 108; compared with Echinoder- 

 mata, 148; compared with sponges, 

 102 ; geologic range of, 409. 



Ccelenteron, 108. 



Ccelome, 174; in brachiopods, 185, 186; 

 in Bryozoa, 174, 174, 175; in pelecy- 

 pods, 212. 



Ccenenchyme, 129, 134. 



Coenosarc, 109, 109; in corals, 127, 130; 

 in Hydrozoa, 109, 109. 



Cold-blooded animals, including prac- 

 tically all inv'ertebrates and verte- 

 brates except birds and mammals, 

 have no uniform body temperature; 

 this varies with the temperature of the 

 environment. 



