INDEX — GLOSSARY 



427 



primitive in fertilization, 66 ; relation- 

 ship to Cordaites, 68, 6g. 



Ginkgoales, 69-70 ; geologic range of, 

 408. 



Giraflfes, 397; cervical vertebrae of, 326. 



Gizzard, effect of change of diet upon, 

 36g ; of birds, 369 ; of dinosaurs, 358 ; 

 of plesiosaurs, 357. 



Glabella, 286, 287, 295, 2q6. 



Glabellar furrows, 2S6, 287, 205. 



Glacial period, 407 ; influence of, upon 

 extinction of mammals, 376. 



Glass sponge, 104. 



Globigerina, 89, 90 ; G. aquilateralis, go ; 

 composition of test, 25; food of, 90; 

 ooze, 89, 90. 



Glottidia pyramidata, IQ3, 194. 



Glyptodon, 382. 



Glyptodonts, in North America, 375. 



Gnathobases, of Crustacea, 280, 286; 

 of trilobites, 286, 286, 288. 



Gnetales, 75 ; geologic range of, 408. 



Goat, mountain, arrival in North 

 America, 375. 



Goats, 398. 



Gomphotherium, 387, 388. 



Gonangia, 113. 



Goniatites, 264, 265. 



Goniatitic type of suture, 265. 



Gonotheca, log, no. 



Goose barnacle, 305. 



Gordius, 141. 



Gorgonia, 135. 



Gorilla, 400. 



Grains, 78. 



Grantia, 102; G. ciliata, 99-102, gg; 

 body wall of, 99 ; circulation of, 100 ; 

 digestion of, 100; food of, 100; 

 muscles of, loi ; nerves of, loi ; 

 reproduction of, loi ; waste of, loi. 



Graptolites, 113-121; carbonized re- 

 mains of, 13; digestion of, 115; em- 

 bryonic, 116; habitat of, 116; repro- 

 duction of, 115; subdivision of, 117; 

 survey of, 11 5-1 17. 



Graptolithida, 1 13-12 1; see also grap- 

 tolites. 



Graptoloidea, 116, 118. 



Grasses, first prominent upon earth, 384 ; 

 in evolution of the ungulates, 384, 385 ; 

 siliceous, prominent, 384 ; true, first 

 appearance of, 78. 



Great toe, see under phalanges and 



digits, 385. 

 Green algaj, 35. 

 Green gland, 282. . 

 Gregarina, 95, 409. 

 Growth lines, in brachiopod shells, 182, 



188; in pelecypod shells, 210, 215-216, 



215. 

 Growth of shell, in pel ecy pods, 210, 214- 



216, 215. 

 Growth of the organic vs. the inorganic, 2. 

 Guano, 17. 

 Guard, of Belemnites, 271, 271 ; of 



Sepia, 272. 

 Gular plate, 346. 

 Gulls, gizzard of, 369. 

 Gymnolaemata, 177-180; geologic range 



of, 177. 

 Gymnophiona, 349, 354. 

 Gymnospermas, 56-75 ; see gymno- 



sperms. 

 Gymnosperms, 56-75 ; classification of, 



56-57 ; geologic range of, 408. 



Plabitat; as controlling fossilization, 



3-7, 5- 

 Hadentomoidea, 319. 

 Haemal spines, 346. 

 Haemocyanin, 242 ; in crustaceans, 281 ; 



in gastropods, 242 ; in mollusks, 206 ; 



in pelecj'pods, 221. 

 Haemoglobin, in cat, SiS ', in gastropods, 



242 ; in mammals, t,^^ ; in mollusks, 



206; in pelecypods, 220. 

 Hag-fishes, 337. 

 Hair-cap moss, 42, 43, 44. 

 Hair follicle, 324. 

 Hair worm, 141. 

 Halimeda, 27, 35, 38. 

 Haliotis, anal siphon of, 246 ; heart in, 



242. 

 Halitherium, hind limbs of, 328. 

 Halysites, 137; H. catenularia, 138. 

 Hamilton formation ; fossils from, 131, 



132, ig8, 203, 204 ; geologic age of, 131. 

 Hapalopteroidea, 319. 

 Haptopoda, 316. 

 Hard parts, composition of, in animals, 



25, 26; in plants, 26, 27. 

 Bar pes, 291. 

 Harvest-flies, 320. 

 H alter ia, 355. 



