INDEX — GLOSSARY 



449 



Urnaiella, i8i. 



Urochorda, 321, 322; degeneration in, 



322 ; geologic range of, 409. 

 Urodela, 349. 352-353 ; fossil, 353. 

 Ursidae, 381. 

 Ursus spelcEus, 381. 

 Uterus, 330. 

 Utica formation, fossils from, 13, 114, 



115, 120, 286; geologic age of, 114, 



286. 



Valves, movement of, 221 ; of brach- 

 iopods, 181, 182, 188, 189; of crus- 

 taceans, 301, 302, 303, 304; of pe- j 

 lecypods, 208, 20Q, 210, 221. 



Varanoids, 367. j 



Varix (plu. varices), each such elevation 

 usually indicates the position occupied i 

 for some time by the mantle edge ; in [ 

 pelecypods, 210, 215-216, 21s. 



Vascular bundles, 29; in Calamites, 49; 

 in dicotyledons, 80 ; in Lepidodendron, 

 S2 ; in monocotyledons, 78. 



Vascular cryptogams, 45. 



Vegetable-feeding gastropods, 242. 



Vegetative stage, in bryophytes, 45 ; in 

 plants, 43 ; in pteridophytes, 45 ; in 

 the seed plants, 56; in the sperma- 

 tophytes, 56. 



Veined, netted, see netted- veined ; 

 parallel, see parallel- veined. 



Veins, in animals one of the tubes which 

 carries blood to the heart; in plants 

 one of the smaller branches of the 

 framework of a leaf; in mammals, 



332. 

 Veliger, in mollusks, 207 ; in pelecypods, 



217. 

 Velum, in mollusks, 207 ; in pelecypods, 



217. 



Vena cava, 330. 



Veneridae, 221. 



Venter, ventral side of shell in cephalo- 



pods. 

 Ventral blood sinus, in crustaceans, 281. 

 Ventral groove, in Belemnites, the shallow 



furrow extending the length of one side 



of the guard. 

 Ventral membrane in trilobites, 286, 



287. 



Ventral muscle, in crayfish, 278; in 

 crustaceans, 278; in trilobites, 288. 



Ventral nerve cord, of Annulata, 145 ; 

 of Apus, 300, 301 ; of crustaceans, 279, 

 300, 301. 

 Venus mercenaria, 208-219, 20Q, 210, 

 211, 215, 236; blood of, 212, 221; 

 body of, 208; circulatory system of, 

 212; development of, 216; excretory 

 organs of, 213; food of, 212; foot of, 

 208, 20Q, 210, 211 ; gills of, 209, 210, 

 210-211,211; habitat of , 208 ; heart 

 of, 212; ligament of, 221 ; mantle of, 

 208, 209, 210, 211; muscles of, 213; 

 nervous system of, 213; position for 

 feeding, 209, 211 ; rate of growth of, 

 218; respiration of, 209; section 

 through shell, 215; sense organs of, 

 213; sexes of, 216; shell-building 

 glands of, 214; siphons, 208, 209, 209; 

 valves of, 208, 209. 



Venus' flower basket, 103, 104, 105. 



Venus' girdle, 139. 



Vermes, 140. 



Vermetus, see Ve.micularia. 



Vermicularia, 247 ; evolution in, 247 ; 

 recapitulation in, 247. 



Vermiform appendix, 330. 



Vertebra (plu. vertebrae), back, 326; 

 caudal, 323, 326; cervical, 325, 326, 

 326; dorsal, 325, 326; hip, 326; 

 lumbar, 323, 326; neck, 326, 326; of 

 cat, 326, 326; of fish, 346; of mam- 

 mals, 326, 326; of reptiles, 362, 367; 

 processes of, in reptiles, 362 ; sacral, 

 325, 326; tail, 326; thoracic, 326; 

 transverse process of, 323, 326. 



Vertebral column, see backbone. 



Vertebrarterial canal, 326. 



Vertebrata, 321, 322-402; see verte- 

 brates. 



Vertebrate animals, restoration of, 17. 



Vertebrates, 321, 322-402; backbone 

 of, T,2i; digestion of, etc., see cat; 

 gill-slits of, i2i\ in evolution, 83; 

 respiration compared to that of insects, 

 317; restoration of, 18-20; subdivi- 

 sion of, 323. 



Vertebrate skeleton compared with that 

 of arthropods, 274. 



Vestigial, pertaining to a remnant ; used 

 in reference to an organ which is in 

 course of disappearance. 



Virgula, 118, 120. 



2 G 



