REPORT ON THE TUNICATA. 237 



The single specimen of this Ciona is contracted into an almost square bod) - ; the 

 whole anterior end, to the extent of probably nearly half the total length, is retracted, 

 and the test forms a raised pad all round the slightly sunken ana in which the apertures 

 are found (PL XXXV. fig. 1). A similar condition is often produced in Ciona. intestindlis 

 by sudden immersion of the living animal in alcohol. 



The specimen is attached to a fragment of some kind of fibrous plant by the left Bide 

 of the body, nearly two-thirds of the distance from the posterior to the anterior end, or 

 at what would in the expanded condition be about one-third of the way up. The posterior 

 end is free and rounded, and is pretty broad ; the anterior end, judging from the distance 

 between the apertures, must have been narrow. 



The test is strong, but transparent, the wide intestine showing through distinctly 

 at the posterior end of the left side ; along the dorsal edge of the right side it is consider- 

 ably roughened, rising here and there into slight tufts and processes. 



The mantle is muscular, and resembles that of Ciona vntestinalis more than Ciona 

 flemingi. The longitudinal bands are well-marked, and are often double. 



In the branchial sac the papillae are very large and expanded, being of the wide paddle 

 shape found in several species of Ascidia. The stigmata are large, and consideraMy 

 wider than the fine longitudinal interstigmatic vessels ; they frequently break through the 

 slighter transverse vessels, and extend from one larger vessel to the next (PL XXX V. 

 fig. 2). Wide horizontal membranes extend from papilla to papilla, along the transverse 

 vessels, and narrower ones are often present, dividing the meshes transversely between the 

 papillae, but not interrupting the stigmata. 



The languets are large, and form a conspicuous fringe along the dorsal edge of the 

 branchial sac. The endostyle is white and conspicuous, and the tentacles are long. 



On account of the great state of contraction of the anterior end of the specimen, and 

 especially of the siphons, I was unable to make out satisfactorily the condition of the 

 dorsal tubercle. To the naked eye it seemed small and compact, and is probably simply 

 rounded or cordate, like the tubercles of Ciona intestincdis and Ciona flemingi. 



One specimen of Ciona savignyi was dredged off Kobd, Japan, at Stat inn 233a ; May 

 17 to 19, 1875 ; lat. 34° 35' N., long. 135° 10' E. ; depth, 8 fathoms and 50 fathom- ; 

 bottom, mud and sand. 



Family Clavelinid^e. 



Body fixed, posterior end usually prolonged into a short stalk, which may give off 

 creeping stolons ; never coated with sand grains. 



Test gelatinous, rarely cartilaginous. Apertures usually not lobed, or only indis- 

 tinctly so. 



Branchial Sac not folded ; internal longitudinal bars usually absent, when present 

 they are not papillated ; stigmata straight. 



