1130 THE VOYAGE OF H.M.S. CHALLENGER. 



the neighbourhood of the posteriorly placed atrial aperture close to which the anus 

 («.) opens. 



There are two short sausage-shaped genital glands. The left one (fig. 16, #.),lies attached 

 to the inner surface of the mantle, in the second intestinal loop (open dorsally). The 

 gland on the right side is rather longer, and lies nearer the ventral edge and the posterior 

 end than the middle. Its short duct is directed posteriorly and dorsally. 



One specimen of Fungulus cinereus was obtained in the Southern Ocean, between the 

 Cape of Good Hope and Kerguelen Island, at Station 147; December 30, 1873; lat. 

 46° 16' S., long. 4S° 27' E.; depth, 1600 fathoms; bottom temperature, 0°-S O; bottom, 

 globigerina ooze. 



Sub-Family Cynthiisle. 



Body attached, sessile or very shortly pedunculated. Branchial and atrial aper- 

 tures with four lobes each. 



Test coriaceous, rarely cartilaginous, not covered with sand. 



Branchial Sac with more than four folds upon each side. 



Tentacles compound. 

 This sub-family includes the typical forms of the Cynthiidse — the genera Cynthia and 

 Microcosmus. It is clearly distinguished from the Styelinae by the structure of the 

 branchial sac and the tentacles, whde it differs from the Bolteninse in not having a 

 peduncle. The short stalk present in one or two species of Cynthia {e.g., Cynthia cerebri- 

 formis) is really merely the narrowed posterior end of the body. 



Microcosmus, Heller. 



Cynthia, Savigny, M^moires sur les Anim. sans Vertebras, pt. 2 mo , fasc. 1, p. 90. 1816. In part. 

 Cynthia, Delle Chiaje, Memoria sulla Storia e Notomia degli Animali senza Vertebre del Regno di Napoli, 



torn. iii. 1823-29. In part. 

 Microcosmus, Heller, Untersnch. ii. d. Tun. d. adriat. u. Mittelmeeres, Abth. 3, Wien. 1877, p. 3. 

 Cynthia, Traustedt, Oversigt over de fra Danmark, &c., Ascidiae Simplices, Kjobenhavn. 1880. In part. 



Body attached, sessile, not incrusted with a continuous coating of sand. Aper- 



tures both four-lobed. 

 Test coriaceous, thin but tough. 



Branchial Sac with more than four folds upon each side. 

 Dorsal Lamina a plain untoothed membrane. 

 Tentacles compound. 

 Intestine forming a narrow loop. 



Heller (1877) distinguished Microcosmus from Cynthia on account of the plain-edged 

 dorsal lamina and the narrow intestinal loop. In the third part of the Preliminary Beport, 

 published in 1880, I expressed a certain amount of doubt as to the sufficiency of the 

 characters on which this genus was founded. 



