REPORT ON THE TUNICATA. 245 



curved parallel with the intestine, and the testis is in the concavity of the ovary (PI. 

 XXX\ I. fig. r>). The vas deferens has a remarkable course. It arises from the side of 

 the testis opposite to the ovary and intestine, and runs for a short distance away from 

 these organs towards the dorsal edge. It then turns anteriorly, and converges towards 

 the rectum, which it crosses close to the anus (fig. 5, v. J.). 



In the Liverpool Free Public Museum there are several colonies of Ecteinascidia tur- 

 binata, from Alexandria Harbour ; 3 to 5 fathoms. 



The Challenger expedition obtained one large colony, of about twenty adult indi- 

 viduals and some buds, at Bermuda, in .shallow water. 



Clavelina, Savigny. 

 Ascidia, 0. F. Miiller, Zoologia Danica, vol ii. 1780. In part. 

 Ascidia, Cuvier, Mem. du Mus., t. ii. 1815. In part. 

 Clavelina, Savigny, Memoires sur les Aniniaux sans Vertfebres, linl partie, 1st fasc, p. 87 ; ami 



Tableau Systematique, p. 171. 1816. 

 Clavelina, Milne-Edwards, Observations sur lea Ascidies Couiposees des cotes de la Mauclie. 



Mem. Inst. France, t. xviii. 181:}. 

 Clavelina, Giard, Recherches sur les Synascidies, Arch. Zool. exper. et geiu'r., t. i. 1S7_'. 



Body oblong, more or less stalked. 



Test gelatinous or cartilaginous. Apertures circular, not lobed. 



Mantle thin. 



Branchial Sac with no internal lonp-itudinal bars: stigmata straight. 



Dorsal Lamina in the form of languets. 



Tentacles simple. 



Viscera extending beyond the branchial sac posteriorly. 



In 1816, Savigny founded this genus for the reception of two species, which had 

 previously been classed under Ascidia, viz.: — Ascidia borealis, Savigny ( = Ascidia clavata, 

 Pallas), and Ascidia lepadiformis, Muller. He characterised the genus in his 

 " Memoires" as including pedunculated Simple Ascidians with a gelatinous test. In the 

 "Tableau Systematique " (p. 171), he gives a full diagnosis, which might almost stand 

 unmodified as the definition of the genus as used at the present day. It is as follows : — 



" Corps pedicure par- la base, a enveloppe gelal incuse ou cartilagineuse. 



" Orifice branchial depourvu de rayons ; Tanal de meme. 



"Sac bra nchiat 'non plisse, tres-court, et n'arrivaht pasau milieu de la tunique, surmonte' 

 de filets tentaculaires simples; les mailles du tissu respiratoixe depourvues de papi 



"Abdomen totalement inferieur. Foie nul ou peu distinct des parois de L'intestin. 

 Point de c6te s'etendant du pylore a la m is. 



" Ovaire unique, compris dans l'abdomen." 



Savigny seems not to have known of the power of budding possessed by the Clave- 

 linidae, and as far as the genus Clavelina was concerned, Milne-Edwards was the first, in 



