146 UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SUKVEY— TEETIARY FLORA. 



Mississippi, and described as Fagus ferruginea, in the Geological Report of 

 Tennessee, 1869, p. 42 7, pi. K, fig. 11. Prof. Heer also identifies two species of 

 Fagus in the Miocene of Alaska, whose synchronism with the Lignitic depos- 

 its of Carbon is evinced by a number of identical specific types. One of 

 those Alaska species, Fagus Antipoji, is in the Chalk Bluffs formation of Cal- 

 ifornia, and another, F. castanccefoUa, Heer, is recognized in the Miocene of 

 Oregon. Therefore the persistence of the generic type in the subsequent 

 stages of the North American Tertiary seems sufficiently established. 



Besides the two uncertain species of the Eocene of France, European 

 paleontologists have recognized ten fossil species of Beech, mostly Miocene; 

 two of them ranging from Greenland to Italy and Syria. All except one are 

 intimately allied to the living species of North Europe and North America, 

 Fagus ferruginea. Ait., and Fagus sylvatica, Linn., to which may be added 

 the Japanese F. Sieboldi, Endl., or to the northern types. The other living 

 species, twelve in number, all inhabit the austral hemisphere, and to one of 

 these, F. ohliqua, Mirb., of Chili, one Miocene species only, F. pygmcea, Ung., 

 from Eubsea, is comparable. 



Fa^us Fcroniee, Ung. 

 Plate XIX, Figs. 1-3. 



Fagus Feronite, Ung., Cblor. Protog., p. 106, pi. xxviii, figs. 3,4. — Ett., Beitr. z. Foss. Fl. v. Tokay (Sitz.- 

 Ber. d. K. K. Ak. d. Wiss.), xi, p. 799; Foss. Fl. v. Bil., i, p. 50, pi. xxv, figs. 12-20.— Lesqx., 

 Annnal Report, 1873, p. 413. 



Fagus Deucalionis, Ung., Iconogr., p. 38, pi. xviii, fig. 24. 



Vlmus qnerclfoUa, Ung., Chlor. Protog., p. 96, pi. xxv, fig. 5. 



Quercus myricafolia, Ung., Iconogr., p. 37, pi. xviii^ 



Leaves ovate or oblong, pointed or acuminate, narrowed or broadly wedge-form to a compara- 

 tively long petiole; borders irregularly dentate; secondary veins simple, parallel, craspedodrome, 

 scarcely curved in passiiTg to the borders. 



The three leaves referred here to this species agree so exactly in all 

 their characters with those published by the European authors, as seen above, 

 and also with the description in Schimper (Pal. Vc'g^t., ii, p. 603), that it 

 is scarcely possible to doubt their identity. Their size is variable; their 

 ovate-acuminate form, their irregular dentation, the comparatively long peti- 

 ole, the distribution, and also the degree of divergence of the secondary veins, 

 are the same. The American forms appear only slightly more acutely nar- 

 rowed to the petiole, but a difference of the same kind is remarked between 

 the leaves figured by the authors, as Ijetween figs. 3 and 4 of pl.-xxviii of 

 Ung. Chlor. Protog., and therefore cannot be considered as specific. It is, 

 however, questionable if all these leaves may be referred to Fagus. This 



