DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES— CUPULIFER^. 143 



cene. Of the five living species of Carpinus, one is now found in Europe, 

 passing east into Asia, following about the same geographical distribution as 

 Ostrya carpinifolia. One also, C. Americana, is exclusively limited to the 

 North American continent, having apparently the same range as Ostrya 

 Virginica, of which it is a constant associate. It ranges toward the north as 

 far as Lake Superior, and its presence is recorded in Florida by Chapman. 

 Gray, in his Statistics of the Flora of the Northern States, places it in the list 

 of the species which range through 15° to 19° of latitude. 



Carpinus grandis, Ung. 



Plate XIX, Fig. 9 ; Plate LXIV, Figs. 8-10. 



Carpinus grandis, Ung., Sillog., iii, p. 67, pi. xxi, flge. 1-13; Iconogr., pi. xx, fig. 4. — Heer, Fl. Tert. 

 Helv., ii, p. 40, pi. Ixxi, figa. 19 6, c, d, e, Ixxii, figs. 2-34, Ixxiii, figs. 2-4 ; Fl. Fosa. Arct., 

 p. 103, 1)1. xlix, fig. 9; Fl. Fosa. Alask., p. 29, pi. ii, fig. 12, etc. — Lesqx., Annual Report, 

 1874, p. 313. 



Leaves oblong-ovate or ovate-lanceolate, taper-pointed, doubly serrate ; secondary nerves close, 

 parallel, straight to the borders, simple or scarcely branching. 



The leaves vary in size, from three to ten centimeters long and from two 

 to five centimeters broad; their nervation is sharply marked, for the second- 

 ary veins at least, which, nearly always simple, parallel, close, pass straight to 

 the borders in a more or less acute angle of divergence, according to the width 

 of the leaves. These are mostly oblong and <aper-pointed or acuminate; their 

 base is generally round, or subtruncate. In fig. 9 of plate Ixiv, the base appears 

 cuneate; but the leaf seems to have been lacerated on both sides. This, how- 

 ever, if even the base of the leaf was wedge-shaped, could not separate it from 

 the species, as some of the leaves figured by the authors are more or less 

 acutely cuneate to the base. The nervilles are extremely thin and scarcely 

 perceivable upon our specimens; fig. 9 of pi. xix has the lateral veins more 

 distant, and the substance of the leaf is apparently of a thicker consistence, 

 membranaceous or subcoriaceous. For this reason I considered this leaf at 

 first as a Quercus, under the name of Q. Elkoana (Annual Report, 1873, 

 p. 413). Heer, however {loc. cit), has in fig. 24 a leaf with the veins nearly as 

 distant; and the doubly serrate borders, with simple secondary veins, more 

 evidently relate this tine fragment to this species, especially comparable to 

 fig. 2 b, pi. Ixxiii, of Heer, Fl. Tert. Helv. 



Habitat. — Near Florissant, Colorado {Dr. F. V. Hayden). Elko Station, 

 Nevada {Prof. E. D. Cope). 



