KEY TO THE FAMILIES 5 



Carpels fewer than the sepals. 2 or rarely 3, distinct or 

 only partly united; plant scarcely succulent. 



57. SAXIFRAGACEAE 376 



Shrubs or trees; fruit thin-walled follicles; stipules present. 



(Opulaster in) 60. ROSACEAE 399 



Endosperm wanting or scant; stipules mostly present. 



Carpels several or numerous, or, if solitary, becoming an achene. 



60. ROSACEAE 399 



Carpel solitary, not becoming an achene. 



Ovary 2-ovuled; fruit a drupe; leaves simple. 



62. AMYGDALACEAE 450 



Ovary several-ovuled ; fruit a legume; leaves pinnately 



compound. 63. MlMOSACEAE 452 



Flowers irregular (mostly zygomorphic). 



Upper petal enclosed by the lateral ones in the bud; corolla not 



papilionaceous. 64. CAESALPIXIACEAE 453 



Upper petal enclosing the lateral ones in bud ; corolla papilionace- 

 ous. 65. FABACEAE 454 



2. Carpels several and united, 

 a. Ovary superior. 



* Stamens inserted at the base of the ovary or receptacle. 

 t Stamens numerous. 



Sepals imbricate. 



Filaments united in 3 or more sets; leaves pellucid-punctate. 



82. HYPERICACEAE 563 



Filaments distinct; leaves not punctate. 



Calyx deciduous. 50. PAPAVERACEAE 316 



Calyx persistent. 



Stigmas distinct or united, but not discoid; land 

 plants; petals and sepals 4. 



53. CAPPARIDACEAE 370 



Stigmas united into a disk; aquatic plants; petals 



and sepals numerous. 47. NYMPHAEACEAE 

 Sepals valvate; stamens with united filaments. 



81. MALVACEAE 556 



tt Stamens few, not over twice as many as the petals. 

 Stamens as many as the petals and opposite them. 



Anther-sacs opening by hinged valves. 



49. BERBERIDACEAE 315 



Anther-sacs opening by slits. 



Flowers monoecious. 74. EUPHORBIACEAE 



Flowers perfect. 42. PORTULACACEAE 



Stamens as many as the petals and alternate with them, or 

 more, sometimes twice as many. 



Stamens 6 or less; petals 4: sepals 2 or 4. 



Sepals 2; endosperm present; flowers irregular; stamens 



diadelphous. 51. FUMARIACEAE 



Sepals 4, rarely more; endosperm wanting; flowers 



regular. 

 Capsule 2-celled; stamens tetradynamous, rarely 2 



or 4. 52. BRASSICACEAE 



Capsule 1-celled; stamens not tetradynamous. 



53. CAPPARIDACEAE 370 



Stamens, petals, and sepals of the same number, or sta- 

 mens more, usually twice as many as the sepals or 

 petals. 

 Ovary 1-celled. 



Ovules, or seeds, on basal or central placentae. 



Sepals 2; or, if more (in Lewisia), plant scapose, 

 with fleshy basal leaves and the flowers soli- 

 tary on a jointed scape. 



42. PORTULACACEAE 262 

 Sepals 4-5; plants leafy-stemmed. 



Sepals distinct; petals not clawed; ovary 



sessile. 44. ALSIXACEAE 



Sepals united; petals clawed; ovary more or 

 less distinctly stipitate. 



45. CARYOPHYLLACEAE 

 Ovules, or seeds, on parietal placentae. 



Stamens with united filaments and no stamin- 



odia. 81. MALVACEAE 



Stamens with distinct filaments. 

 Staminodia present. 



56. PARNASSIACEAE 3<o 



