LILY FAMILY 163 



Family 21. LILIACEAE. LILY FAMILY. 



Perennial herbs, mostly caulescent, with bulbs, corms, or short rootstocks. 

 Flowers in terminal racemes, corymbs, panicles, or rarely solitary. Sepals 

 and petals each 3, similar, petaloid, sometimes partly united. Stamens 6. 

 Pistils of 3 united carpels; ovary superior, 3-celled; styles united. Fruit a 

 }oculicidal capsule. 



Plant with a short rootstock; flowers subumbellate on subterranean pedicels from the 

 crown of the rootstock ; petals and sepals united into a long tube. 1 . LEUCOCRINUM. 

 Plant with bulbs or corms, either leafy -stemmed or scapiferous; petals and sepals distinct 



or nearly so. 

 Bulb scaly; plant tall, leafy. 



Anthers versatile; petals and sepals oblanceolate, clawed, with a linear nectariferous 



groove. 2. LILIUM. 



-Anthers fixed near the base, slightly if at all versatile; petals and sepals obovate- 



oblanceolate, not clawed; nectary a shallow pit. 

 Styles distinct from the middle; flowers purple, mottled with yellowish green; 



fruit winged. 3. FRITILLARIA. 



Styles connate to the summit; flowers yellow or orange; fruit not winged. 



4. OCHROCODON. 



Bulb tunicated. 



Anthers strictly basifixed. 



Leaves 2, basal or nearly so; flowers nodding. 5. ERYTHRONIUM. 



Leaves several, alternate; flowers not noclding. 



Flowers in ours usually solitary; pedicels not jointed; dwarf alpine plant. 



6. LLOYDIA. 

 Flowers racemose; pedicels jointed below the middle; not alpine. 



7. EREMOCRINTJM. 

 Anthers versatile; scapose plants with racemose flowers. 8. QUAMASIA. 



1. LEUCOCRINUM Nutt. STAR OF BETHLEHEM, MOUNTAIN LILY, 



WILD TUBEROSE. 



Low acaulescent herbs, with short rootstock and fleshy-fibrous roots. Leaves 

 basal, numerous, surrounded by scarious sheaths. Flowers in umbel-like sessile 

 clusters, with pedicels and ovaries under ground. Petals and sepals each 3, 

 alike, united below into a long tube. Stamens 6; filaments adnate below to the 

 tube of the perianth; anthers linear, attached near the base, introrse; style much 

 elongated, filiform; stigma 3-lobed. Capsule triangular, obovoid. 



1. L. montanum Nutt. Leaves thick, numerous, 1-2 dm. long, 2-8 mm. 

 broad; flowers 4-8; perianth white; tube 3-8 cm. long; lobes linear-oblong, about 

 2 cm. long; capsule truncate, 6-8 mm. long, 12-18-seeded. Hills and plains: 

 Mont. S.D. n N.M. Calif. Ore. Plain Submont. My-Je. 



2. LILIUM (Tourn.) L. LILY. 



Tall, leafy herbs, with thick-scaly bulbs and large funnelform or campanulate 

 flowers. Petals and sepals each 3, similar, distinct, each with a nectariferous 

 groove at the base within. Stamens 6; filaments filiform or subulate; anthers 

 linear, versatile, longitudinally dehiscent. Ovary 3-celled, many-ovuled; style 

 long, somewhat clavate; stigma 3-lobed. Capsule oblong or obovoid; seeds 

 numerous, flat, horizontal, in 2 rows in each cavity. 



Flower erect, solitary or subumbellate; petals and sepals unguiculate. 



Leaves linear. 1. L. umbellatum. 



Leaves lanceolate. 2. L. montanum. 



Flowers several, racemose, nodding; petals and sepals not ungxuculate. 



3. L. columbianum. 



1. L. umbellatum Pursh. Stem leafy, 3-6 dm. high; leaves linear, acute, 

 4-7 cm. long, 2-7 mm. wide, mostly alternate and scattered, the uppermost 

 forming one, seldom two whorls; flowers 1-3, umbellate; petals and sepals 5-6 

 cm. long; blade oval, red or orange, spotted below, acute; capsule almost cyl- 

 indrical, about 6 cm. long, 15 mm. thick. In dry open woods: Mich. N.M. 

 Ohio Sask. Ark. Plain Submont. Je-Jl. 



2. L. montanum A. Nels. A plant similar to the preceding, but with 

 broader leaves; leaves, except the uppermost, alternate and scattered, 5-8 cm. 

 long, 6-10 mm. wide; whorl 1, seldom 2; petals and sepals 5-6 cm. long; blades 



