CROWFOOT FAMILY 303 



long; flowers 1-7; sepals yellowish green, oval or oblong, 3-7 mm. long; petals 

 oblong-spatulate, slightly shorter; heads of fruit rounded-oblong, 6-16 mm. long. 

 Ranunculus Cymbalaria Pursh. Wet sandy or alkaline soil: Lab. N.J. N.M. 

 Calif. Alaska; Mex. and S. Am. Son. Plain Mont. My-Jl. 



14. CYRTORHYNCHA Nutt. 



Perennial herbs, with fascicled fleshy-fibrous roots. Leaves alternate, bi- 

 ternate, the basal ones long-petioled. Flowers cymose, perfect. Sepals 

 membranous, yellowish, deciduous. Petals 5-9, narrow, pale yellow, bearing 

 a callosity on the inner face, or wanting. Stamens 10-20. Pistils several; 

 style recurved. Achenes oblong or ellipsoid, terete, prominently 10-costate, 

 subcoriaceous, filled by the oblong erect seed. 



Sepals spatulate or oblong-ovate, more or less contracted at the base. 



Leaf-segments thick, mostly acute; inflorescence corymbiform. 1. C. ranunculina. 



Leaf-segments thin, broad; inflorescence not corymbiform. 2. C. rupestris. 



Sepals broadly round-ovate, not at all clawed; petals usually wanting. 



3. C. neglecta. 



1. C. ranunculina Nutt. Stems 1-2 dm. high; basal leaves long-petioled; 

 blades 4-6 cm. broad; divisions deeply parted and cleft into lanceolate or oblong 

 lobes; stem-leaves with scarious stipules, short-petioled and with linear lobes; 

 sepals 3-5 mm. long, yellowish; petals spatulate or oblanceolate, clawed; Ranun- 

 culus Nuttallii A. Gray. Foot-hills and draws: Colo. Wyo. Submont. Ap-Jl. 



2. C. rupestris Greene. Stem about 3 dm. high; leaves long-petioled; 

 blades biternate, thin, with broad divisions; flowers few, 5 or 6, on slender pedi- 

 cels; petals variable, some obovate, some spatulate and long-clawed. Moist 

 cliffs: Black Canon, Colo. Submont. Je. 



3. C. neglecta Greene. Stem 3 dm. or more; leaves like those of C. 

 ranunculina; divisions less dissected and with broader lobes; sepals 3 mm. long; 

 petals usually none, or few and narrowly spatulate; stamens few, usually about 

 10. Dry ravines: Colo. Submont. My. 



15. CALTHA (Rupp.) L. MARSH-MARIGOLD, MEADOW-GOWAN. 



Perennial herbs, somewhat fleshy. Leaves few, mostly basal, petioled; blades 

 elliptic, oval, cordate or reniform, entire or crenate. Sepals 5-15, large, more or 

 less petal-like, deciduous, yellow, white, or pink. Petals wanting. Stamens 

 numerous; filaments short. Carpels numerous or several, sessile; ovules numer- 

 ous, in 2 rows on the ventral suture. Fruit follicles, dehiscent on the ventral 

 suture. 



Stem scapiform or rarely with a small leaf, erect; sepals white or greenish white. 



Plant 1-3 dm. high, often 2-flowered; leaf-blades orbicular or oval, 3-10 cm. long. 

 Filaments narrower than and twice as long as the anthers; follicles erect. 



1. C. leptosepala. 



Filaments broader than the anthers and only slightly longer; follicles ascending 



or more or less spreading above. 2. C. rotundifolia. 



Plant 5-8 cm. high, one-flowered; leaf-blades 1-2 cm. long; filaments broader than 



the anthers and 2-3 times as long. 3. C. chelidonii. 



Stem leafy, creeping or floating. 4. C. natans. 



1. C. leptosepala DC. Glabrous perennial, with a short erect rootstock; 

 leaf-blades oval in outline, with a shallow sinus, sinuately toothed or crenate; 

 petals oblong, 10-18 mm. long; follicles about 15 mm. long; beak somewhat 

 curved, nearly 1 mm. long. C. Macounii Greene. Swamps and marshy 

 meadows: Wash. B.C. Mont. Alta. Mont. Alp. Jl-Au. 



2. C. rotundifolia (Huth) Greene. Glabrous perennial, with a short 

 usually erect rootstock; leaves mostly basal, long-petioled, 2-3 dm. long; blades 

 of the earliest sometimes orbicular, with a deep closed sinus, the rest or all more 

 elongate, with an open sinus, dentate, crenate, or subentire; peduncles 2-3 dm. 

 high; sepals 6-10, oblong or rarely oval, 12-20 mm. long; follicles 15-20 mm. 

 long, straight; beak about 1 mm., straight. C. leptophylla rotundifolia Huth. 

 C. chionophila Greene. Swamps and under the snow: Wyo. N.M. Utah. 

 Mont. -Subalp. Je-Au. 



