376 PARNASSIACEAE 



or oval, 6-10 mm. long; capsule ovoid, about 1 cm. long. Wet places and swamps: 

 Lab. Que.S.D. Colo. Utah Alta. Plain Mont. Jl-S. 



6. P. Kotzebuei Cham. Leaf-blades broadly ovate or somewhat cordate, 

 1-2 cm. long; scape slender, about 1 dm. (seldom 2 dm.) high; staminodial scales 

 short, with 3-5 filiform short filaments; sepals oblong, 5-7 mm. long; capsule 

 ovoid, about 12 mm. long. Wet places: Greenl. Que. Wyo. Alaska; ne 

 Asia. Subalp. Jl-Au. 



FAMILY 57. SAXIFRAGACEAE. SAXIFRAGE FAMILY.* 



Herbs, usually without stipules. Leaves alternate, rarely opposite, often 

 all basal. Flowers perfect, regular or nearly so. Hypanthium often well 

 developed, from flat to cylindric, often more or less adnate to the ovary. 

 Sepals 5, rarely 4, distinct. Petals as many or wanting. Stamens as many 

 or twice as many as the sepals, in one genus only 3. Gynoecium of 2, 

 rarely of 3 or 4, carpels, more or less united, rarely wholly distinct; placentae 

 parietal, basal, or axial. Fruit a capsule or follicles. 



Placentae parietal, sometimes nearly basal. 



Flowers solitary and axillary to leaf-like bracts, or 2-4 in small corymbs, each sub- 

 tended by a leaf-like bract; sepals 4 ; petals wanting. 1. CHRYSOSPLENIUM. 

 Flowers in more or less elongate racemes or panicles. 



Gynoecium of 2 or 3 equal or essentially equal carpels. 



Flower-stalk axial, from a slender bulbiferous rootstock ; gynoecium 3-carpel- 



lary. 2. LITHOPHRAGMA. 



Flower-stalk a lateral shoot from a stout scaly rootstock; gynoecium 2-carpel- 



lary. 

 Inflorescence racemose. 



Petals pinnately cleft or pinnatifld. 



Hypanthium deeply campanulate or urn-shaped, deeper than the 

 length of the sepals; capsule tapering into a beak. 



3. TELLIMA. 

 Hypanthium saucer-shaped or open campanulate, shallower than 



the length of the sepals; capsules abruptly beaked or beakless. 

 Ovary more than half superior; disk inconspicuous; stigmas 



entire, terminating distinct styles. 

 Stamens 10; placentae almost basal, bearing few ovules. 



4. MITELLA. 

 Stamens 5; placentae parietal, bearing many ovules. 



5. MITELLASTRA. 



Ovary wholly inferior, covered with the prominent disk; stigmas 



sessile, 2-lobed; stamens 5. 6. PECTIANTIA. 



Petals entire, toothed or 3-cleft above; stamens 5. 



Hypanthium campanulate during anthesia; ovary half inferior. 



7. OZOMELIS. 



Hypanthium turbinate during anthesis; ovary almost wholly in- 

 ferior. 8. CONIMITELLA. 

 Inflorescence paniculate; stamens 5; petals broadened upward. 



9. HEUCHERA. 



Gynoecium of 2 very unequal carpels. 10. TIARELLA. 



Placentae axial. 



Hypanthium well-developed, and accrescent, at maturity longer than the sepals. 

 Stamens 5. 



Plants with short bulblet-bearing rootstocks; flower-stalk axial. 



Ovary half inferior; blade of the basal leaf ternately divided; stamens 



borne on the outer edge of a thickened disk. 11. HEMIEVA. 

 Ovary two-thirds inferior or more; blade of the basal leaf merely crenate; 



disk obsolete. 12. SUKSDORFIA. 



Plants with horizontal rootstocks; flower-stalk a lateral shoot. 



Sepals imbricate; petals marcescent; seeds winged. 13. SULLIVANTIA. 

 Sepals valvate; petals deciduous; seeds wingless. 14. THEROFON. 

 Stamens 10. 



Petals clawed; styles partially united; plants with thick rootstocks. 



15. TELESONIX. 



Petals clawless; styles distinct; plants with slender rootstocks, often with off- 

 sets. 



Plants without caudices, producing only annual flowering stems. 



16. SAXIFRAGA. 

 Plants with perennial very leafy caudices, often with offsets, the flowering 



stems very different from the caudices. 



* Adapted and abbreviated from Small & Rydberg in North American Flora, Vol. 22. 



