634 ARALIACEAE 



oval or ovate, acuminate, finely serrate, 5-13 cm. long; peduncles 2-3 dm. long; 

 flowers greenish; fruit globose, purplish black. Woods: Newf. N.C. Colo. 

 Ida. B.C. Submont. Mont. My-Je. 



2. ECHINOPANAX Dec. & Planch. DEVIL'S CLUB, DEVIL'S 



WALKING-STICK. 



Prickly shrubs. Leaves simple, palmately lobed. Flowers in paniculate 

 umbels. Calyx-teeth obsolete. Petals 5, greenish, valvate in the buds. Sta- 

 mens 5; filaments filiform; anthers oblong. Ovary 2-celled, rarely 3-celled. 

 Styles usually 2, filiform. Fruit laterally flattened. [Fatsia Benth. & Hook., 

 in part, not Dec. & Planch.] 



1. E. horridum (J. E. Smith) Dec. & Planch. A shrub, 1-4 m. high, densely 

 prickly, leafy above; leaf -blades nearly orbicular in outline, 1.5-6 dm. broad, 

 cordate at the base, palmately 3-7-lobed, with scattered prickles on both sides, 

 sharply serrate; inflorescence terminal, 1-3 dm. long; fruit 4-5 mm. long, scarlet. 

 F. horrida Benth. & Hook. Rocky woods: Mich. Mont. Ore. Alaska. 

 Boreal Mont. Je. 



FAMILY 95. CORNACEAE. DOGWOOD FAMILY. 



Shrubs or trees, rarely perennial herbs. Leaves alternate or opposite, 

 without stipules, often firm, usually entire. Flowers perfect or unisexual, 

 in cymes or heads, or the staminate ones in ament-like spikes. Sepals 4 or 

 5. Petals 4 or 5, or rarely numerous, imbricate or valvate, inserted at the 

 base of the epigynous disk, or wanting. Stamens as many as the petals; 

 anthers attached at the base or the back. Gynoecium of 1-4 united car- 

 pels; styles united; stigmas entire, lobed, or cleft. Ovules usually solitary 

 in each cavity, anatropous, pendulous. Fruit a drupe; stone 1-4-celled. 

 Endocarp fleshy. 



Flowers dioecious; stigmas lateral; staminate flowers in ament-like spikes. 



1. GARRYA. 

 Flowers perfect, cymose or umbellate; stigmas terminal. 



Flowers in open cymes, not subtended by an involucre; shrubs. 



2. SVIDA. 



Flowers in head-like umbels, subtended by an involucre of 4 white leaves ; herbs with 

 rootstocks. 3. CHAMAEPERICLIMENUM . 



1. GARRYA A. Gray. 



Shrubs, with 4-angled branches. Leaves opposite, persistent, entire or 

 slightly lobed. Flower dioecious; the staminate ones in ament-like spikes, with 

 4 narrow sepals, no petals, 4 stamens, and a rudimentary pistil. Pistillate 

 flowers with 2 sepals, and 1-celled ovary, 2 stigmas, and 2 pendulous ovules. 

 Fruit drupaceous, with persistent styles. Seeds 3, rarely 1, flattened. 



1. G. flavescens S. Wats. Shrub 1-3 m. high, branched from the base; 

 bark gray or that of the young branches yellow; leaves short-petioled ; blades 

 obovate or oblanceolate, or oval, 3-5 cm. long, appressed-pubescent on both 

 sides, becoming glabrate above, paler beneath; fruit 6-8 mm. long, densely 

 grayish pubescent. Rocky hills and canons: s Utah Ariz. Nev. Son. My. 



2. SVIDA Opiz. CORNEL, DOGWOOD, KINNIKINNIK. 



Shrubs or trees, with hard wood and mostly opposite branches. Leaves 

 opposite or rarely alternate, entire. Flowers perfect in naked, open, dichoto- 

 mous cymes. Sepals 4, usually small. Petals 4, valvate, white. Stamens 4; 

 filaments filiform or subulate. Ovary 2-celled, or rarely 5-celled. Fruit dru- 

 paceous, with thin pulp; stone bony, usually 2-celled. Seeds flattened. [Cornus 

 L., in part.] 



Young branches and inflorescence villous. 



Leaves broadly oval or ovate, the larger obtuse at the base, densely villous beneath; 

 inflorescence long- villous ; stone usually broader than long. 1. S. pubescens. 



