808 RUBIACEAE 



Flowers dioecious, in small cymes; fruit with long, not uncinate hairs; perennials. 

 Leaves linear. 14. G. coloradense. 



Leaves ovate or lanceolate. 

 Plant glabrous or nearly so. 



Leaves of the stem lanceolate to ovate, 8-15 mm. long. 15. G. Watsoni. 

 Leaves broadly ovate, 5-8 mm. long. 16. G. Bloomeri. 



Plant decidedly puberulent. 



Plant pruinose-puberulent ; leaves broadly ovate, not cuspidate. 



17. G. multiflorum. 

 Plant hispidulous-puberulent; leaves lanceolate, cuspidate. 



18. G. stellatum. 



1. G. Aparine L. Stem weak, prostrate or scrambling over bushes, 3-15 

 dm. long, retrorsely hispid on the angles; leaves 6-8 in the whorls, oblanceolate, 

 sometimes almost linear, 2-7 cm. long, 4-10 mm. wide, cuspidate, the margins 

 and midribs retrorsely hispid; flowers white in 1-3-flowered cymes in the upper 

 axils. Copses: N.B. Fla. Mo. Tex. Calif. B.C.; nat. from Eu. Plain 

 Submont. My-S. 



2. G. Vaillantii DC. Stem prostrate, retrorsely hispid as the preceding, 

 but the internodes shorter, and the whole plant smaller; leaves 6-8 in the whorls, 

 usually oblong-linear, sometimes slightly oblanceolate, cuspidate-pointed; flowers 

 in 2-9-flowered cymes. Low ground among bushes: Ont. Fla. Tex. Calif. 



B.C.; Eurasia. Plain Submont. My-Au. 



3. G. proliferum A. Gray. Stem hispidulous, branching, 3 dm. high; 

 leaves 5-8 mm. long, acute, with a strong midrib, mostly 4 in the whorls, the 

 alternate ones often smaller; flowers solitary on axillary peduncles which are 

 about t \vice as long as the leaves, almost sessile in the axil of two leaf -like bracts; 

 peduncles sometimes with one or two prolifications from the axils of the bracts; 

 carpels about 2 mm. in diameter. On stony hills: Tex. s Utah Ariz.; Mex. 

 L. Son. Ap-Je. 



4. G. bifolium S. Wats. Stem slender, erect, glabrous, 1-1.5 dm. high; 

 leaves 2-4 in the whorls, often very unequal, thin, acutish, 1-nerved; flowers 

 solitary on axillary peduncles, horizontal and curved under the fruit; carpels 

 about 2 mm. in diameter. In mountain meadows and around springs: B.C. 

 Mont. Colo. Calif. Submont. My-Jl. 



5. G. boreale L. Stem erect, glabrous, 2-7 dm. high; leaves 4 in the whorls,, 

 from linear to broadly lanceolate, obtuse or acutish, 3-5 cm. long, the margins, 

 sometimes ciliate and slightly revolute, often with fascicles of smaller leaves in 

 the axils; flowers white or ochroleucous (var. linearifolium) in terminal, densely 

 many-flowered compound cymes; carpels about 2 mm. in diameter. Rocky 

 places, hillsides, and along streams: Que. N.J. Neb. N.M. Calif. Alaska; 

 Eurasia. Plain Mont. My-Au. 



6. G. Brandegei A. Gray. Stem loosely branched, glabrous, slender, 5-15 

 cm. high, generally depressed; leaves unequal, 4-12 mm. long, somewhat fleshy ,. 

 obtuse; midrib faint; flowers usually solitary or geminate, on axillary peduncles; 

 corolla white; fruit glabrous, its carpels about 1.5 mm. in diameter. Around 

 springs: Wyo. N.M. Ariz. Calif. Submont. Mont. Je-Au. 



7. G. subbiflorum (Wiegand) Rydb. Stem slender, prostrate, 1-3 dm. 

 long, somewhat scabrous on the angles; leaves mostly obtuse, slightly fleshy and 

 with a faint midrib, 5-15 mm. long; peduncles axillary, usually solitary, or more 

 rarely geminate, 1-flowered, or less commonly 2-3-fl owered ; corolla white, 3- 

 lobed; fruit glabrous, its carpels 1-1. 5 mm. in diameter. G. trifidum subbiflorum 

 Wiegand. Wet places: Minn. N.M. s Calif . Wash. Plain Mont. Je-Au. 



8. G. trifidum L. Stem slender, ascending or depressed, 2-4 dm. long, 

 branched, scabrous on the angles; leaves 5-15 mm. long, obtuse, 1-nerved, thin, 

 dark green and dull on both sides; midrib and margins scabrous; flowers on 

 slender 1-3-flowered axillary peduncles; corolla white, 3-lobed, its lobes about 

 0.5 mm. long; fruit glabrous, its carpels about 1.5 mm. in diameter. Wet mea- 

 dows and swamps: Lab. Newf. N.Y. Colo. Alaska. Plain Submont. 

 Je-Au. 



9. G. columbianum Rydb. Stem slender, 3-10 dm. long, branched, 

 somewhat scabrous on the angles; leaves of the stem generally linear-oblong or 



