940 CARDUACEAE 



paniculate; involucres 7-9 mm. high, 5-6 mm. broad; ligules mostly 5, 8-15 mm. 

 long; pappus-squamellae oblong or lanceolate, erose at the summit, less than 

 half as long as the disk-corollas. Gravelly plains: Ariz. s Utah s Calif.; L. 

 Calif. L. Son. Ap-My. 



88. BAILEYA Harv. & Gray. WILD MARIGOLD. 



Annual or perennial floccose herbs. Leaves alternate, pinnatifid or the upper 

 entire. Heads radiate. Involucre hemispheric; bracts equal, woolly, in two 

 series; receptacle flat, naked, alveolate. Ray-flowers pistillate and fertile; ligules 

 oval or oblong, yellow, 7-nerved, becoming papery, persistent. Disk-flowers 

 hermaphrodite and fertile; corollas yellow. Anthers minutely sagittate at the 

 base. Style-branches short, truncate. Achenes linear, truncate, many-ribbed. 

 Pappus none. 



Plant leafy throughout; annual. 1. B. pleniradiata. 



Plant naked above, almost scapose; biennial. 2. B. multiradiata. 



1. B. pleniradiata Harv. & Gray. Stem 2-4 dm. high, floccose, leafy and 

 branched; lower leaves incise-pinnatifid, with oblong or linear divisions, loosely 

 floccose, the upper merely toothed or entire; heads solitary at the ends of the 

 branches; peduncles 5-10 cm. long; involucres about 6 mm. high and 12 mm. 

 broad; ligules 25-40, about 1 cm. long, 5 mm. wide. B. multiradiata A. Gray, 

 not Harv. & Gray. Plains: Ariz. Utah s Calif; n Mex. Son. Ap-N. 



2. B. multiradiata Harv. & Gray. Stem decumbent at the base, and 

 leafy only below, very floccose; leaves pinnately or ternately pinnatifid; divisions 

 again cleft with obovate or elliptic divisions; peduncles 1-2 dm. long; involucres 

 about 8 mm. high, 15-20 mm. broad; ligules about 50, 12-15 mm. long, golden- 

 yellow. B. multiradiata nudicaulis A. Gray. Dry plains: w Tex. s Utah Nev. 



Ariz.; n Mex. Son. Ap-O. 



89. MONOTHRIX Torr. 



Low scabrous undershrubs. Leaves mostly alternate, small, punctate, 

 mostly ovate. Heads radiate or discoid. Involucre hemispheric; bracts in two 

 equal series, boat-shaped, double-ribbed, partly enclosing the marginal achenes; 

 receptacle flat, alveolate. Ray-flowers, if present, pistillate and fertile. Disk- 

 flowers many, hermaphrodite and fertile. Achenes flat, with a thick margin. 

 Pappus of 1 barbellate awn or wanting. 



1. M. Stansburii (A. Gray) Rydb. Stems 1-2 dm. high, diffusely branched; 

 lower leaves opposite, the upper alternate, petioled; blades ovate or rhombic- 

 ovate, dentate, 1 cm. long or less, scabrous, triple-veined; involucres 5-6 mm. 

 high and fully as broad; bracts linear, acute; ligules 6-10, oblong, 3-4 mm. long; 

 pappus-bristle present, shorter than the disk-corollas. Laphamia Stansburii A. 

 Gray. Among rocks: Utah. Son. Je-Jl. 



90. PERICOME A. Gray. 



Tall, strong-scented perennial herbs. Leaves opposite, petioled; blades 

 hastate or triangular. Heads discoid in large cymes. Involucre turbinate-cam- 

 panulate; bracts in a single series, more or less united below, hyaline-margined, 

 with thick midrib. Flowers hermaphrodite and fertile; corollas pale yellow, 

 4-toothed. Anthers subsagittate at the base. Style-branches filiform, obtuse. 

 Achenes linear-oblong, compressed, hispid-ciliate on the margins. Pappus a 

 crown of fimbriate-lacerate squamellae, sometimes with two marginal awns. 



1. P. caudata A. Gray. Widely branching perennial, 1 m. high or more; 

 leaf-blades thin, green, minutely resinous-granuliferous, triangular-hastate, 5-15 

 cm. long, sparingly sinuate-dentate, caudately long-acuminate; involucres about 

 5 mm. high and 6 mm. wide. Rocky canons: N.M. Colo. Calif.; n Mex. 

 Submont. Jl-O. 



91. PICRADENIOPSIS Rydb. 



Low perennial canescent herbs, more or less woody at the base. Leaves op- 

 posite, pedately 3-5-divided, with linear divisions, or the upper entire. Heads 

 radiate, corymbose. Involucre campanulate; bracts subequal, in two series, 



