958 CARDUACEAE 



Ligules 1.5-2.5 mm. long; leaf-segments more or less spreading, not crowded. 



8. A. occidentalis. 

 Ultimate leaf-segments ovate or lanceolate; rachis distinctly winged. 



9. A. mille folium. 

 Leaves serrate or incised, not pinnatifid. 10. A. multiflora. 



1. A. borealis Bong. Stem stout, 2-4 dm. high, villous with long silky 

 hairs; leaves linear or lance-linear in outline, 5-30 cm. long, 1-5 cm. broad, bi- 

 pinnatifid; segments linear-filiform and spreading; bracts ovate or elliptic, acute, 

 with blackish or brown margins; ligules suborbicular, 3-4 mm. broad. Bench- 

 lands and meadows: Mack. (? Wyo.) Alta. B.C. Alaska; e Siberia. Sub- 

 arctic Subalp. Je-Au. 



2. A. Palmeri Rydb. Stem 3-6 dm. high, sparingly villous; leaves usually 

 less than 1 dm. long, 1-2 cm. wide; primary divisions ovate, spreading, the ulti- 

 mate ones lanceolate, rather conspicuously punctate; heads in corymbiform 

 panicles; bracts about 20, the outer ovate and acutish, the inner elliptic and 

 obtuse; margins narrow, dark brown; ray-flowers usually 5; ligules suborbicular, 

 about 4 mm. long. Mountains: Colo. Calif.; Mex. Submont. 



3. A. fusca Rydb. Stem 3-6 dm. high, long-villous ; leaves 1-2 dm. long, 

 5-10 mm. wide, bipinnatifid, linear or the lower linear-oblanceolate in outline, 

 long-villous; primary divisions short ascending, the ultimate ones lanceolate or 

 ovate; heads in a corymbiform panicle; bracts about 20, the outer oval, the inner 

 elliptic, all rounded or obtuse at the apex; margins dark brown, almost black; 

 ray-flowers about 5; ligules white or pinkish, suborbicular, round-lobed, 3-4 

 mm. long. Hillsides: Alta. Wash. Yukon. Submont. Mont. 



4. A. subalpina Greene. Stem slender, 1-3 dm. high, villous with long 

 hairs; leaves 3-10 cm. long, linear in outline, more or less long-villous; segments 

 short and narrow, linear, much crowded; heads in a dense crowded corymb; 

 bracts elliptic, with dark brown or blackish margins, the innermost usually acute, 

 the rest obtuse; ligules 2-3 mm. long and broad. A. lanulosa alpicola Rydb. A. 

 alpicola Rydb. High mountains: Alta. N.M. Nev. B.C. Subalp. Alp. 

 Jl-Au. 



5. A. californica Pollard. Stem 5-10 dm. high, usually branched above, 

 villous, with long hairs; leaves numerous, bi- or tripinnatifid, sparingly villous, 

 the lower 10-15 cm. long, the upper sessile and clasping, lanceolate in outline; 

 rachis merely margined; primary divisions ovate in outline, spreading, the ulti- 

 mate ones linear or lance-linear, spinulose-tipped ; heads in compound corymbi- 

 form panicles; bracts about 20, all obtuse or rounded at the apex; margins brown; 

 ray-flowers 5 or 6; ligules orbicular or rounded-oval, 3-4 mm. long. Sea coast, 

 rarely inland: Calif. Wash. Ida. Son. 



6. A. pacifica Rydb. Stem 3-7 dm. high, sulcate, usually decidedly long- 

 villous; leaves 1-2 dm. long, 5-20 mm. wide, linear in outline, villous, bipinnatifid; 

 primary divisions ovate in outline, short, crowded, the ultimate ones lanceolate 

 or ovate, strongly punctate, callous-thickened towards the spinulose-mucronate 

 tips; heads in round-topped corymbiform panicles; bracts about 20, yellowish or 

 straw-colored, with margins of the same color, all obtuse or rounded at the apex; 

 ray-flowers about 5; ligules 3-4 mm. long. Plains: Wash. Ida. Calif. Son. 



7. A. lanulosa Nutt. Stem 3-6 dm. high, copiously villous with long silky 

 hairs; leaves 5-10 dm. long, linear in outline, densely long-villous, bipinnatifid; 

 segments (primary and secondary) short and directed forward, the secondary 

 linear-lanceolate; bracts elliptic, obtuse, with green midrib and straw-colored 

 (rarely brownish) margins. Plains and mountain valleys: Sask. Kans. N.M. 



-Calif. B.C.; adv. eastward to Ont.;n Mex. Plain Subalp. My-S. 



8. A. occidentalis Raf. Stem 3-6 dm. high, usually rather copiously villous 

 with long silky hairs; leaves lanceolate in outline, 5-10 cm. long, twice or thrice 

 pinnatifid; ultimate segments narrow, linear; involucres about 4 mm. high and 

 3 mm. broad; bracts elliptic, obtuse, with a green midrib and straw-colored mar- 

 gins. Roadsides and prairies: Pa. S.C. Ark. Neb.; adv. in Colo. My-Au. 



9. A. millefolium L. Stem 2-6 dm. high, somewhat villous, with short 

 hairs; leaves oblong in outline, 5-10 cm. long, 8-20 mm. broad, finely villous 



