968 CARDUACEAE 



brown margins; corollas yellow, loosely pubescent. A. norvegica A. Gray, not 

 Fries. Higher mountains: Colo. Alta. Mont. Alp. Jl-S. 



21. A. arctica Less. Perennial, with a cespitose caudex; stem 2-4 dm. high, 

 glabrous or sparingly pubescent above; lower leaves petioled, 5-15 cm. long, 

 twice pinnately parted, with lanceolate, acute or acuminate divisions, slightly 

 pubescent or glabrate, the upper leaves less divided, smaller and sessile; heads 

 several, in racemose inflorescence, nodding, the lower usually on elongated 

 peduncles; involucres 8-10 mm. broad; bracts elliptic, sparingly hairy, with black 

 or dark brown margins; corollas yellow, usually pilose. A. norvegica pacifica A. 

 Gray. A. longepedunculata Rudolphi. Arctic, subarctic, and alpine situations: 

 Yukon B.C. (Selkirk Mts.) Wash. Alaska; Asia. Au-S. 



22. A. laevigata Standl. A low perennial, with a rootstock; stems 2.5-3 

 dm. high, glabrous, reddish, striate; basal leaves slender-petioled, twice pinnatifid 

 into oblong-linear, acute divisions, glabrous, 2-6 cm. long; stem-leaves mostly 

 once pinnatifid into narrow acute divisions; heads 5-8, nodding, in a racemose 

 inflorescence; involucre 8-10 mm. broad; bracts glabrous, ovate, obtuse, green 

 on the back, with broad dark brown erose margins; ray-flowers 5-10. Moun- 

 tains: Alta. Subalp. 



23. A. Parryi A. Gray. Perennial, with a cespitose caudex; stem glabrous, 

 2-4 dm. high; leaves twice to thrice pinnatifid, with linear divisions, glabrous; 

 heads rather many, racemosely or paniculately disposed, nodding; involucres 

 5-7 mm. broad, glabrous; bracts elliptic or oval with light brown margins; cor- 

 ollas yellow, glabrous. Alpine peaks: Colo. e Utah. Subalp. Au. 



24. A. franserioides Greene. Perennial, with a rootstock; stem 3-10 dm. 

 high, minutely puberulent or glabrous; leaves twice or thrice pinnatifid, with 

 oblong, obtusish divisions, green and glabrous above, pale and usually minutely 

 tomentulose beneath; heads numerous, in a narrow panicle, nodding; involucres 

 about 6 mm. broad, sparingly tomentose; outer bracts linear, green, the inner 

 oblong, scarious-margined ; corollas 40-90, glabrous; marginal flowers few. Moun- 

 tains: Colo. N.M.; Mex. Submont. Jl-S. 



25. A. vulgaris L. A stout perennial, with a rootstock; stem 5-15 dm. 

 high, sparingly tomentose when young; lower and middle leaves ovate in outline, 

 pinnately or bipinnately divided to near the midrib, green and glabrate above, 

 white-tomentose beneath, 5-10 cm. long; primary divisions 5-7, obovate, oblong, 

 or oblanceolate, acute, the ultimate lanceolate, often few-toothed; upper leaves 

 pinnatifid, with lanceolate or linear divisions, or simple; heads very numerous in 

 a leafy panicle; involucre about 4 mm. high, 3-4 mm. broad, more or less tomen- 

 tose; bracts ovate to oblong, obtuse; ray-flowers 6-12. Waste places: Newf. 

 Man. Wis. Ala. Ga.; B.C.; escaped from cultivation; native of the Old 

 World. 



26. A. incompta Nutt. Perennial, with a creeping rootstock; stem 3-6 dm. 

 high, glabrate or at first slightly floccose; leaves soon glabrate above, tomentose 

 beneath, the lower obovate or oblanceolate in outline, 3-10 cm. long, often bi- 

 pinnatifid with lanceolate, acute divisions, the upper narrower and merely pin- 

 nately cleft; heads numerous, in a narrow panicle; involucres glabrous or nearly 

 so, about 4 mm. broad; bracts oval, scarious-margined; corollas brownish. A. 

 discolor incompta A. Gray. Hillsides: Mont. Colo. Calif. B.C. Jl-Au. 



27. A. elatior (T. & G.) Rydb. Perennial, with a creeping rootstock; stem 

 5-10 dm. high, glabrous or slightly floccose; leaves glabrous or nearly so above, 

 tomentose beneath, acuminate, 5-10 cm. long, the lower pinnatifid, with lanceo- 

 late, long-acuminate lobes, the upper trifid or entire; heads numerous, in a pan- 

 icle, nodding; involucres about 5 mm. broad, shining, nearly glabrous; bracts 

 with yellowish or brownish scarious margins, oval; corollas yellow or brownish. 

 A. Tilesii elatior T. & G. Valleys: Mack. Hudson Bay Mont. Wash. 

 Alaska. Submont. Subalp. Jl-S. 



28. A. Leibergii Rydb. A suffrutescent perennial, 3-6 dm. high, with a 

 woody caudex and short perennial stems; branches erect, simple, sparingly 

 tomentulose or glabrate, striate; leaves 3-6 cm. long, oblanceolate, coarsely 





