976 CARDUACEAE 



short-peduncled ; involucres campanulate, about 1 cm. high; outer bracts oblong- 

 linear; achenes cylindric, short-hirsute. Arid places: s Utah. Son. Au-S. 



127. HAPLOESTES A. Gray. 



Suffrutescent perennials. Leaves opposite, linear-filiform, somewhat fleshy. 

 Heads cymose, radiate. Involucres campanulate; bracts 4 or 5, broadly oval, 

 strongly overlapping. Receptacle flat, naked. Ray-flowers few, pistillate and 

 fertile. Disk-flowers hermaphrodite and fertile. Achenes linear, terete, gla- 

 brous, ribbed. Pappus of a single series of rigid, scabrous, white bristles. 



1. H. Greggii A. Gray. Stem 3-6 dm. high, branched, glabrous, leafy; 

 heads cymose; involucres hemispheric, about 4 mm. high; bracts glabrous, obo- 

 vate, shorter than the disk; flowers yellow; ligules 3-5, oblong, about 3 mm. long. 

 Saline soil: Tex. Kans. Colo. N.M.; n Mex. Son. Je-S. 



128. ARNICA L. ARNICA. 



Perennial caulescent herbs, ours with rootstocks. Leaves mostly opposite, 

 entire or toothed. Heads usually radiate, rarely discoid, several or solitary. 

 Involucre campanulate or turbinate; bracts equal, in 1 or 2 series. Receptacle 

 flat, naked, pubescent, or fimbrillate. Ray-flowers pistillate and fertile; ligules 

 yellow. Disk-flowers many, hermaphrodite and fertile; corolla tubular, yellow. 

 Anthers sometimes sagittate. Achenes narrow, 5-10-ribbed, pubescent or gla- 

 brous. Pappus a single series of capillary, scabrous bristles. 



Stem with several pairs of leaves, the upper not conspicuously reduced (except in A. 



Parryi) ; heads usually several. 



Heads nodding in the bud, usually discoid. I. ERADIATAE. 



Heads erect in bud, radiate. 



Basal leaves cordate or ovate, long-petioled. 



Pappus white, merely barbellate; involucre turbinate (except in A. granulifera), 



not conspicuously glandular-hirsute (except in A. paniculaia). 

 Achenes densely hirsute; involucre densely villous at the base. 



II. CORDIFOLIAE. 



Achenes glabrous, glandular-puberulent, or with a few scattered hairs above. 

 Involucre, peduncle, and achenes densely glandular-granuliferous. 

 Involucre hemispheric; disk about 15 mm. high. 



III. GRANULIFERAE. 



Involucre turbinate; disk 10-12 mm. high. IV. GRACILES. 

 Involucre slightly villous at the base, scarcely glandular, turbinate; 



disk about 15 mm. high. V. LATIFOLIAE. 



Pappus tawny or brownish, distinctly plumose; involucre distinctly glandular- 

 hirsute. VI. DlVERSIFOLIAE. 

 Basal leaves lanceolate or oblanceolate, short-petioled. 

 Pappus distinctly plumose, brownish. 



Achenes glandular-granuliferous; involucre glandular-granuliferous and 

 somewhat hirsute; leaves narrowly linear-lanceolate, entire or nearly so. 



VII. LONGIFOLIAE. 



Achenes pubescent, not glandular; involucre usually glandular-hirsute (vil- 

 lous in A. gracilenta and glandular-granuliferous in A. arcana). 



VIII. MOLLES. 

 Pappus merely barbellate, white or yellowish. 



Leaves numerous, more or less grayish, the larger more than 7 cm. long; 



pappus yellowish; heads many. IX. FOLIOSAE. 



Leaves rather few, green, the larger not more than 7 cm. long; pappus 



white; heads 1-3. X. ALPINAE. 



Stem-leaves 1-3 pairs, the upper much reduced, linear or linear-lanceolate; heads 1-3. 

 Heads erect. 



Involucre hemispheric, glandular-hirsute; pappus brown, plumose. 



XI. PEDUNCULATAE. 

 Involucres turbinate, villous at the base (glandular only in A. arnoglossa) ; pappus 



white, barbellate. X. ALPINAE. 



Heads nodding in bud. XII. LESSINGIANAE. 



I. ERADIATAE. 

 One species. 1. A. Parryi. 



II. CORDIFOLIAE. 



Heads numerous; involucre more or less glandular-hirsute; bracts linear. 



2. A. paniculata. 

 Heads 1-3, rarely 5; involucre villous, only with subsessile glands. 



Plant 2-4 dm. high; leaves thin, usually coarsely toothed; bracts oblanceolate. 

 Lower leaves with a close sinus, their teeth salient. 3. A. grand if olia. 



Lower leaves with an open sinus, their teeth directed forward. 



4. A. cord if olia. 



