GRASS FAMILY 87 



12-15 mm. long, green or more commonly copper-colored or purple; empty 

 glumes smooth or nearly so; lemma ovate, attenuate, finely and densely scabrous, 

 somewhat shiny, 10-12 mm. long. Subarctic regions: Alaska Yukon -Cana- 

 dian Rockies -(Mt. Albert) Que. Lab.; Siberia. Subalp. Je-Au. 



16. F. campestris Rydb. Stem 4-10 dm. high; leaf-blades 3-5 dm. long, 

 scabrous; panicle 12-25 cm. long; spikelets 10-12 mm. long, 2 4-flo\vered ; empty 

 glumes membranous, narrowly lanceolate, acuminate; lemma very scabrous, at- 

 tenuate, thicker than the empty glumes, 9-10 mm. long. F. scabrella major 

 Vasey. Plains and hills : Alta. N.D. Wash. Yukon. Plain Submont. Je- 

 Au. 



17. F. scabrella Torr. Stem 3-5 dm. high; blades of the basal leaves 1-2 

 dm. long, scabrous, striate; those of the upper stem-leaves short, 3-5 cm. long, 

 often flat; panicle small, 5-15 cm. long; branches ascending; spikelets often 

 purple-tinged, 3-4-flowered, about 1 cm. long; lemma scabrous, 6-8 mm. long, 

 acute. F. Hallii (Vasey) Piper. Mountains: Alta. Mont. Wash. B.C.; 

 Colo. Mont. Je Jl. 



18. F. Thurberi Vasey. Stem 6-10 dm. high; leaf-blades involute, 6-20 

 cm. long, very scabrous; panicle 1-1.5 dm. long, loose, slightly drooping; spike- 

 lets 3-6-flowered, 8-12 mm. long; empty glumes smooth or scabrous on the keel; 

 lemma finely scabrous near the margins or glabrous, cuspidate-acuminate, 7-8 

 mm. long. Poa festucoides and P. Keibensis M. E. Jones. Hillsides and moun- 

 tains: X.M. Wyo. Utah. Mont. Subalp. Jl-S. 



19. F. elatior L. Stem smooth, 5-12 dm. high; leaf-blades 1-6 dm. long, 

 4-8 mm. wide, smooth beneath, scabrous above; panicle 1-2 dm. long, rather 

 open in anthesis, narrowed in fruit; spikelets 3-13-flowered, usually 6-8-flowered, 

 9-11 mm. long; lemma 5-7 mm. long, scabrid towards the apex. Meadows and 

 copses: N.S. N.C. N.M. Calif. B.C.; cult, and nat. from Eu. Plain- 

 Submont. Je-Au. 



20. F. dasyclada Hack. Stem erect, 2-4 dm. high; leaf-blades soft, often 

 folded, glabrous, 5-15 cm. long; panicle open; spikelets 2-flowered, 6-7 mm. 

 long; lemma about 6 mm. long, scabrous-puberulent, 2-toothed at the apex; awn 

 3 mm. long. Mountains: "Utah." 



21. F. sororia Piper. Stem 6-9 dm. high, smooth and shining; leaf- 

 blades thin, flat, spreading, 1-2.5 dm. long, 3-6 mm. wide, scabrous on the 

 margins; panicle 1-1.5 dm. long, somewhat nodding, lax; spikelets 3-5-flowered, 

 7-12 mm. long; empty glumes membranous; lemma 6-9 mm. long, keeled at 

 the base, scabrous; awn 0.5-2 mm. long. F.fratercula Piper, not Rupr. Open 

 hillsides, canons, and meadows. Colo. Utah Ariz.; Mex. Submonl. Subalp. 



20. F. subulata Trin. Stem 4-12 dm. high; leaf-blades dark green above, 

 flat, thin, 1-3 dm. long, 3-10 mm. \\ide, scabrous on both sides; panicle very 

 loose, drooping, 1.5-4 dm. long; branches reflexed; spikelets 3-5-flowered, 7-12 

 mm. long; lemma somewhat keeled, scabrous toward the apex, 5-7 mm. long, 

 attenuate into a scabrous awn 5-20 mm. long. F. Jonesii Vasey. Woods: 

 Alaska Calif. Utah Colo. Mont. Mont. Subalp. Je-Au. 



23. F. octoflora Walt. Usually tufted; stems 5-40 cm. high, glabrous or 

 retrorsely puberulent; leaf -blades involute or rarely flat, 2-10 cm. long; panicle 

 narrow, erect, racemiform, 3-12 cm. long; spikelets 5-10 mm. long, rarely longer; 

 lemma lanceolate, scabrous to glabrous, 4-5 mm. long, attenuate; awn straight, 

 1-7 mm. long. F. tenella Willd. In dry sandy soil: Que. Fla. Calif. B.C. 

 Plain Mont. Ap-Jl. 



24. F. pacifica Piper. Simple or somewhat tufted; stem 1-5 dm. high, 

 glabrous; leaf -blades glabrous, loosely involute, 3-5 cm. long; panicle more or 

 less secund, 5-12 cm. long; branches solitary, bearing spikelets on the lower 

 side; spikelets 3-6-flowered; lemma lanceolate, scabrous, except that of the 

 lowest flower, which is smooth, 6-7 mm. long; awn scabrous, 10-15 mm. long. 

 River valleys and hills: B.C. Utah N.M. Ariz. L. Calif. Son. Submont.. 

 Ap-Jl. 



