BIRCH FAMILY 205 



Nut bordered on each side with a membranous wing-margin, fully as broad as the nut- 



twigs resinous-granuliferous ; stamens 4. 

 Leaves irregularly serrate, usually very oblique at the base, slightly paler beneath. 



1. A. fruticosa. 

 Leaves incised and sharply double-serrate, green on both sides. 



2. A. sinuata. 

 Nut merely acute-margined. 



Leaves distinctly lobed and doubly serrate; stamens 4. 



Mature leaves pubescent, especially beneath, usually glaucous beneath; bark 



white-speckled. 3. A. incana. 



Mature leaves glabrous, except on the veins beneath and in their axils, green on 



both sides; bark not speckled. 4. A. tenuifolia. 



Leaves not lobed, merely sinuate and glandular-dentate; stamens 1-3, usually 2. 



5. A. rhombifolia. 



1. A. fruticosa Rupr. A tree sometimes 12 m. high; young twigs minutely 

 puberulent, becoming brown and shining; leaf-blades broadly ovate, 6-10 cm. 

 long, short-acuminate or obtuse; staminate aments in pairs, 10-12 cm. long; 

 filaments longer than the calyx; pistillate aments elliptic, 12-15 mm. long; nut 

 oval, about 2 mm. long. ALASKA ALDER. Along streams: Alaska Yukon 

 B.C. -Wash.; e Siberia. Submont. My-Je. 



2. A. sinuata (E. Regel) Rydb. A shrub 1-4 m. high; young twigs brown or 

 greenish, glabrous or nearly so; leaf -blades ovate, 5-10 cm. long, acute or short- 

 acuminate at the apex, acute, rounded or rarely subcordate at the base, thin, 

 glabrous or nearly so; staminate aments 3-8 cm. long; filaments not exceeding 

 the calyx; pistillate aments rounded-ellipsoid, 12-15 mm. long; nut elliptic. 

 MOUNTAIN ALDER. Mountain streams: B.C. Ore. Wyo. -Alta. Mont. 

 My-Jl. 



3. A. incana (L.) Moench. Shrub or small tree, rarely 6 m. high; leaf- 

 blades broadly elliptic to ovate, rounded at the base, sharply and doubly serrate, 

 dark green above, downy and ferruginous or glaucous, prominently veined ba- 

 neath, 5-13 cm. long; staminate aments 3-8 cm. long, the pistillate in fruit 1-1.5 

 cm. long; nut orbicular, thick-margined. SPECKLED ALDER. Swamps and along 

 streams: Newf. Pa. -Neb. Sask. ; Eurasia. Boreal. Ap-My. 



4. A. tenuifolia Nutt. A tall shrub or small tree, sometimes 8-10 m. high; 

 twigs pubescent when young; leaf -blades ovate or oval, obtuse or acute at the 

 apex, rounded or subcordate at the base, 5-10 cm. long; staminate aments 2.5- 

 4.5 cm. long, filaments equalling the calyx; pistillate aments when ripe 1-2 cm. 

 long, ellipsoid; nut 2.5 mm. long. A. incana virescens S. Wats. RIVER ALDER. 

 Along streams: Alaska -Calif. -N.M. Yukon. Submont. Mont. Ap-My. 



6. A. rhombifolia Nutt. A tree sometimes 25 m. high; young twigs green 

 and pubescent; leaf-blades oval or rarely ovate, 5-12 cm. long, hairy on both 

 sides when young, often glabrate in age and dark green above, paler beneath; 

 staminate aments 6-15 cm. long, yellow; pistillate aments ellipsoid, 1.5-2 cm. 

 long; nut oval, about 2.5 mm. long. Along streams: B.C. -Ida. -Calif. Sub- 

 mont. D-Ja. 



FAMILY 33. CORYLACEAE. HAZELNUT FAMILY. 



Monoecious trees or shrubs, with simple alternate leaves. Staminate 

 aments elongate, drooping, each bract subtending a single flower; calyx 

 wanting; filaments distinct, branched at the apex. Pistillate aments short; 

 bracts foliaceous at maturity, each subtending 2 or 3 flowers; calyx present, 

 sometimes represented by a cup. Fruit 1-3 nuts, enclosed in the bracts. 

 Seeds solitary by suppression. 

 Pistillate flowers many in a cylindric ament; nuts small, enclosed in a bladdery bract. 



1. OSTRYA. 



Pistillate flowers few in a head-like ament; nut^large, in a leaf-like involucre. 



2. C/ORYLTJS. 



1. OSTRYA (Mich.) Scop. IRONWOOD, HOP-HORNBEAM. 



Trees with close-grained, hard wood and "scaly bark. Staminate aments 

 clustered, drooping; bracts subtending 3-14_stamens; filaments very short, 



