568 VIOLACEAE 



above the ground; its leaves ovate to lanceolate, gradually smaller upward, the 

 margins nearly entire; petaliferous flowers from the lower axils, cleistogamous 

 from the upper; outer petals madder-brown. V. atriplicifolia Greene, F. Thori 

 A. Nels. Cliffs and hillsides: Mont. Colo. Calif. Ore. Submont. Mont. 

 Ap-Jl. 



16. V. linguaefolia Nutt. Pubescence variable, from villous to subgla- 

 brous; stems tardily developed, 1-3 dm. long; first flowers petaliferous, the 

 upper petals reddish brown; later apetalous flowers from the upper axils; capsule 

 globose, usually glabrous; seeds 3 mm. long. F. flavovirens Pollard. F. erecti- 

 folia A. Nels. F. gomphopetala Greene. Valleys: Mont. Colo. Calif. Wash. 

 Submont. Subalp. 



17. V. vallicola A. Nels. Glabrous or pubescent; leaves nearly entire, 

 ovate to lanceolate, obtuse, the base often obliquely rounded; petals yellow, the 

 two upper often tinged with purple; cleistogamous flowers borne on the upper 

 part of the stem; capsule short-ellipsoid; seeds 2 mm. long. F. physalodcs 

 Greene. Moist valleys in the mountains: Colo. Sask. Wash. B.C. Plain 

 Mont. My-Je. 



18. V. Nuttallii Pursh. More or less pubescent; stems commonly numer- 

 ous, in moist situations elongating 15-25 cm.; leaves except the few earliest 

 lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, tapering at the base into margined petioles, the 

 apex acute or subacute, obscurely and remotely denticulate; seeds brown, 3 mm. 

 long. On the foot-hills and plains: Man. Mo. Ariz. Mont. Plain Submont. 

 Ap-Je. 



19. V. biflora L. Stems several, slender, 2-3-leaved and 2-3-flowered; 

 leaves somewhat hirtellous, reniform, narrowly cordate at base, rounded at 

 apex, 2-4 cm. wide; cauline stipules ovate; flowers small, citrous-yellow; spur 

 short-conical; stigma margined on two sides. In wet moss and in fine gravel 

 along rivulets: Colo.; Alaska, and n Eurasia. Mont. Subalp. Ap-Jl. 



20. V. glabella Nutt. Rootstock stout, jagged, usually horizontal; stems 

 1-4, leafy only toward the top; root-leaves 1-2, the blades reniform, crenate- 

 serrate, short-pointed, nearly glabrous, 6-8 cm. wide; cauline leaves 2-4, the 

 upper much smaller and ovate; capsules ellipsoid, 1 cm. long; seeds nearly black, 

 2 mm. long. Woods: Alaska Mont. Ida. Calif. Submont. Mont. 



21. V. pubescens Ait. Stem often solitary; root-leaves few or none; stem- 

 leaves short-petioled; blades reniform to ovate, cordate or truncate-decurrent, 

 the apex slightly blunt-pointed; stipules large, obliquely ovate; capsules often 

 white-woolly; seeds 3 mm. long. Rich woodlands: N.S. Va. Neb. (Black 

 Hills) S.D. Plain Submont. 



22. V. rugulosa Greene. Stems 2-6 dm. high; root-leaves cordate-reni- 

 form, abruptly short-pointed, often 10 cm. wide, densely hirsutulous beneath; 

 lower stem-leaves similar, the upper successively smaller and shorter-petioled, 

 becoming ovate-acuminate; capsules ovoid to subglobose, often puberulent, 6-10 

 mm. long; seeds brown, 2 mm. long. F. Rydbergii Greene. Woods: Man. la. 

 Colo. Alaska. Plain Mont. My-Jl. 



23. V. canadensis L. Stems several, 15-35 cm. high; leaves broadly cor- 

 date-ovate, abruptly acuminate, serrate with incurved teeth, nearly glabrous, or 

 the smaller upper leaves muriculate to hirtellous, especially on the veins under- 

 neath; petals often purplish with age; spur short and rounded; capsule ovoid, 

 usually glabrous; seeds brown, 2 mm. long. F. neomexicana and F. geminiflora 

 Greene. Moist, wooded, and steep mountain slopes: N.B. S.C. N.M. Ariz. 

 B.C. Submont. Mont. My-Jl. 



24. V. scopulorum (A. Gray) Greene. Stems numerous, more or less spread- 

 ing, 10-20 cm. high; leaves cordate-deltoid, about 2 cm. wide, gradually tapering 

 into an acute apex; upper surface often minutely scabrous; flowers about 1 cm. 

 broad, on long axillary peduncles, and often later numerous cleistogamous 

 flowers on axillary branches: seeds 1.5 mm. long. Moist groves and shady river 

 banks: Colo. Submont. Mont. 



