CARROT FAMILY 609 



3. ERYNGIUM (Tourn.) L. RATTLESNAKE-MASTER, ERYNGO. 



Glabrous caulescent perennials. Leaves usually rigid, coriaceous, spinosely 

 toothed 'or divided. Flowers white or blue, in dense, bracted heads. Bractlets 

 intermixed with the flowers. Sepals very prominent, rigid, persistent. Stylo- 

 podium wanting. Fruit ovoid or oblong, laterally flattened, covered with hya- 

 line scales or tubercles; ribs obsolete. Oil-tubes usually 5, of which 3 are on the 

 dorsal and 2 on the commissural side. Seed-face plane. 



1. E. articulatum Hook. Stem 3-7 dm. high, dichotomously branched, 

 usually with a peduncled head in the forks; basal and lower cauline leaves with 

 nodose petioles, 7-25 cm. long; leaf -blades lanceolate, spinulose-serrate or entire, 

 or in submerged leaves lacking; upper stem-leaves sessile and opposite, more or 

 less laciniate at the base; heads globose or ellipsoid; bracts cuspidate, spiny- 

 toothed below, as long as the heads; bractlets 3-cuspidate; fruit 4-5 mm. long; 

 sepals cuspidate. Wet places: Wash. Ida. Calif. Son. Je-S. 



4. SANICULA (Tourn.) L. SNAKE-ROOT, SANICLE. 



Smooth perennials, with rootstocks and few-leaved stems. Leaves palmate 

 or rarely pinnate, with incised or pinnatifid divisions. Flowers greenish yellow 

 or purple, in irregularly compound, few-rayed umbels. Involucres and involucels 

 present. Calyx-teeth foliaceous, persistent. Fruit globose, densely covered 

 with hooked bristles; ribs none. Stylopodium wanting. Oil-tubes from 3 to 

 many; usually 5; of these 3 dorsal and 2 commissural. Seed-face plane or con- 

 cave. 



Leaves palmately or pedately 3-7-divided. 



Styles longer than the bristles; staminate flowers often in separate umbels. 



1. S. marilandica. 

 Styles shorter than the bristles; staminate flowers always intermixed with the fertile 



ones. 2. S. canadensis. 



Leaves pinnately twice or thrice ternate. 3. S. septentrionalis. 



1. S. marilandica L. Stem 4-12 dm. high; basal leaves long-petioled; 

 blades 3-5-divided to the base and the lateral divisions 2-cleft; divisions oblance- 

 olate or obovate, sharply cut and serrate, 5-10 cm. long; the stem-leaves short- 

 petioled or the upper sessile ; involucres of few more or less leaf-like bracts; invo- 

 lucels of small bractlets; fruit sessile, 6-7 mm. long, including the bristles. Rich 

 woods: Newf. Ga. Colo. Wash. B.C. Plain Submont. Je-S. 



2. S. canadensis L. Stem more or less branched, 3-12 dm. high; basal 

 leaves long-petioled, palmately 3-divided to the base; lateral divisions 2-parted; 

 divisions incised; the upper leaves short-petioled or subsessile; umbels irregular, 

 few-rayed; involucres and involucels of few small bracts and bractlets; fruit 

 3-6 mm. long, including the bristles. Rich woods: Vt. Fla. Tex. Wyo. 

 Plain Submont. Je-S. 



3. S. septentrionalis Greene. Perennial, with a fusiform root; stem 1-4 

 dm. high; basal leaves small, ternate or bi-ternate; divisions 1-2 cm. long, obo- 

 vate, cleft and coarsely serrate; stem-leaves few, their lobes sharply laciniate; 

 bracts of the involucres pinnatifid, leaf-like; bractlets small, oblong, acute, more 

 or less united; flowers yellow; fruit sessile, 4 mm. long. NIGGER-BABIES. S. apii- 

 folia Greene. Open woods and hillsides: Mont. Ida. Calif. B.C. Submont. 

 My-Jl. 



5. OSMORRHIZA Raf. SWEET CICELY. 



Glabrous or hirsute perennials, with thick aromatic roots and more or less 

 leafy stems. Leaves ternately decompound, with broad, lanceolate or ovate, 

 toothed leaflets. Flowers white or purplish, in few-rayed umbels. Involucres 

 and involucels few-leaved or wanting. Calyx-teeth obsolete. Fruit linear- 

 clavate, attenuate at the base, bristly on the equal ribs. Stylopodium conic 

 or depressed. Oil-tubes obsolete in the mature fruit. Seed-face concave to 

 deeply grooved. [Washingtonia Raf.] 



Involucels of several bractlets. 1. O. longistylis. 



Jnvolucels lacking or of a single small bractlet. 



Fruit obtuse at the apex, without a neck. 2. O. oblusa. 



