638 PYROLACEAE 



sepals ovate or lanceolate, acute, 2-3 mm. long; petals obovate or oval, white 

 or greenish, 7-10 mm. long. In coniferous woods: B.C. Calif. w Mont. Sub- 

 mont. Je-Au. 



4. ERXLEBENIA Opiz. 



Scapose perennials, with stoloniferous rootstocks. Leaves persistent, basal, 

 firm, petioled. Flowers racemose, perfect. Sepals 5, persistent, spreading. 

 Petals 5, concave. Stamens 10; filaments erect, connivent; anthers opening by 

 oblique pores at the end, not produced into tubes. Ovary 5-celled; style straight, 

 erect, in ours short, without a collar; stigma peltate, thicker than the style, with 

 5 marginal papillae. Capsule as in Pyro'a. 



1. E. minor (L.) Rydb. Leaf-blades oval or orbicular, 1-3 cm. wide, 1-4 

 cm. long, finely crenulate, light green; sepals ovate or triangular-ovate, 1.5 mm. 

 long, acute or acutish; petals white or pinkish, orbicular, 4-5 mm. long; capsule 

 5-6 mm. in diameter. Pyrola minor L. In woods: Greenl. Conn. Colo. 

 Calif. Alaska; Eurasia. Mont. Subalp. Je-Au. 



5. RAMISCHIA Opiz. 



Perennials, usually with a short leafy stem and slender, stoloniferous root- 

 stocks. Leaves persistent, but thin. Flowers racemose, nodding and decidedly 

 secund. Sepals 5, persistent, spreading. Petals oblong, erect, with a pair of 

 tubercles at the base within. Stamens 10; filaments slender, not declined, all 

 equally connivent; anthers not contracted beneath the pores. Ovary 5-celled; 

 hypogynous disk present and 10-lobed; style long and straight; stigma peltate, 

 5-lobed. Capsule 5-celled, 5-lobed, loculicidally 5-valved; valves opening from 

 below, cobwebby on the margins. 



1. R. secunda (L.) Garcke. Leaf-blades ovate, oval or lanceolate, thin, 

 acute at both ends or rarely obtuse, 2-5 cm. long, 1-3 cm. wide, crenulate or 

 serrulate; sepals less than 1 mm. long, triangular; petals oblong, greenish white, 

 about 4 mm. long. Pyrola secunda L. In woods: Lab. D.C. Calif. Alaska; 

 Eurasia. Mont. Subalp. Je-Au. 



FAMILY 97. MONOTROPACEAE. INDIAN PIPE FAMILY. 



Saprophytic herbs or root-parasites, with densely matted roots. Leaves 

 scale-like, destitute of chlorophyll. Flowers perfect, usually drooping. 

 Sepals 2-6, distinct, imbricate, deciduous. Petals distinct or partially 

 united, rarely wanting. Stamens 6-12, hypogynous; filaments distinct or 

 united at the base; anthers 2-celled or with confluent sacs, opening by valves 

 or pores. Gynoecium of 1-6 united carpels; ovary 1-6-celled, superior; 

 styles united; stigma capitate, disk-like, or funnelform. Ovules numerous, 

 anatropous. Fruit a 1-celled loculididal capsule. Seeds numerous. 



Flowers in elongate racemes; corolla gamopetalous, globular or nearly so; anther 

 2-awned. 1. PTEROSPORA. 



Flowers in short, few-flowered racemes, or solitary; corolla of 4-6 erect, distinct petals; 



anthers awnless. 



Flowers solitary; stigma naked. 2. MONOTROPA. 



Flowers racemose; terminal flower 5-merous, the lateral ones 3- or 4-merous; stigma 

 glandular or hairy on the margins. 3. HYPOPITYS. 



1. PTEROSPORA Nutt. PINE-DROPS, GIANT BIRD'S-NEST. 



Purplish or brown plants, without proper leaves, and with numerous roots 

 forming rounded masses often 5 cm. or more in diameter. Flowers in long, 

 many-flowered racemes. Sepals 5, oblong. Corolla globose, gamopetalous, 

 with 5 reflexed lobes. Stamens 10, included; filaments subulate, glabrous; 

 anthers introrse, the sacs longitudinally dehiscent. Ovary 5-lobed, 5-celled; 

 style short, straight; stigma capitate, 5-lobed. Capsule depressed-globose, 

 5-valved. Seeds with a terminal reticulate wing. 



