714 BORAGINACEAE 



as well as on the margins. Pectocarya setosa A. Gray. Sandy hills and canons : 

 Ore. Ida. Ariz. Calif. Son. My-Je. 



3. CYNOGLOSSUM (Tourn.) L. HOUND'S TONGUE. 



Annual, biennial, or perennial caulescent herbs. Leaves alternate, entire, 

 mostly decurrent, pubescent. Flowers perfect, regular, in scorpioid racemes. 

 Calyx with 5 spreading or reflexed lobes, slightly accrescent in age. Corolla white, 

 blue, or purple, salverform or funnelform; tube short; throat closed by 5 scales; 

 lobes 5, imbricate. Stamens 5, included. Nutlets 4, flat, distinct, equally 

 divergent, armed with short barbed prickles, attached by an oval or rounded 

 scar at the upper end to a flat or low-pyramidal receptacle. 



Soft pubescent; lower leaf-blades oblong or spatulate; stem-leaves lanceolate; inflores- 

 cence many-flowered and leafy. ] . C. officinale. 



Hispidulous; lower leaf-blades oval; stem-leaves oblong-ovate, clasping; inflorescence 

 few-flowered and naked. 2. C. boreale. 



1. C. offlcinale L. Biennial; stem 6-8 dm. long, softly pilose, somewhat 

 canescent; basal leaves petioled; blades 1-3 dm. long, velvety-pilose; racemes 

 panicled; calyx-lobes oval or oblong; corolla dull red, rarely white, 7-10 mm. 

 broad; nutlets depressed on the back, margined, about 7 mm. long; prickles in 

 4-5 rows on the margins and scattered on the back. Pastures and waste places: 

 Que. N.C. Kans. Utah Mont.; nat. from Eu. My-Jl. 



2. C. boreale Fernald. Perennial; stem 4-8 dm. high, hirsute and the 

 inflorescence strigose; basal leaves long-petioled ; blades 1-3 dm. long, hispid; 

 racemes geminate; fruiting pedicels spreading, recurved ; calyx strigose, 2-2.5 mm. 

 long; lobes ovate; corolla blue, 6-8 mm. wide; nutlets ovoid-pyriform, 4-5 mm. 

 long, glochidiate-prickly all over. Woods: N.B. Mass. n Mich. B.C. Je-JL 



4. LAPPULA (Riv.) Moench. STICKSEED, BURSEED, STICK-TIGHTS, 



BEGGAR TICKS. 



Annual, biennial, or perennial caulescent herbs. Leaves alternate, entire, 

 narrow, pubescent. Flowers perfect, regular, in terminal scorpioid racemes. 

 Calyx with 5 narrow lobes, slightly if at all accrescent. Corolla salverform, blue 

 or white; tube very short; throat closed by 5 scales; lobes 5, imbricate, obtuse. 

 Stamens 5, included; filaments very short. Fruit of 4, finally distinct nutlets, 

 these with barbed prickles along the edge, and sometimes with smaller ones on 

 the dorsal faces, muricate on the sides, obliquely attached by the inner angle to 

 a conical receptacle. [Echinospermum Sw.j 



Inflorescence leafy-bracted only at the base; bracts minute above; gynobase short- 

 pyramidal; scar of the nutlets ovate or triangular; perennials or biennials. 

 Marginal prickles free to the base or nearly so. 

 Corolla 1.5-3 mm. wide. 



Leaves thin; stem-leaves lanceolate. 



Fruit about 3 mm. wide; nutlets usually with a few prickles on the back. 



1. L. americana. 

 Fruit about 5 mm. wide; nutlets merely muricate on the back. 



2. L. leptophylla. 

 Leaves firmer; stem-leaves oblanceolate to linear; fruit about 3 mm. wide, 



not prickly on the back. 3. L. Besscyi. 



Corolla 4-12 mm. wide; leaves firmer. 



Fornices of the corolla glabrous or papillose. 

 Fornices broader than long; corolla blue. 



Foliage rather softly pubescent; stem leafy throughout. 



Corolla 4-6 mm. broad; nutlets without prickles on the back. 



4. L. floribunda. 

 Corolla 8-10 mm. broad; nutlets with a few prickles on the back. 



5. L. diffusa. 

 Foliage hirsute; hairs with pustulate bases; stem very leafy at the base, 



few-leaved above. 6. L. gracilenta. 



Fornices as long as broad; corolla white; foliage harshly papillose-scabrous. 



7. L. trachyphylla. 



Fornices of the corolla pubescent; nutlets with about 10 prickles on the back. 

 Corolla tinged with blue; appendages long-hirsute. 8. L. coerulescens. 

 Corolla white; appendages pilose. 9. L. subdecumbens. 



Marginal prickles imited for one-third to one-half their length into a distinct whig. 

 Back of the nutlets strongly muricate and with prickles. 



Corolla blue; pubescence fine, appressed. 10. L. ciliata. 



Corolla white; pubescence hirsute. 11. L. cinerea. 



