810 RUBIACEAE 



thium of the sterile flowers puberulent or with a few long hairs; carpels, with hairs r 

 4-7 mm. in diameter. Barren hills and mountains: Utah Wash. Calif. Sub- 

 mont. 



18. G. stellatum Kellogg. Stem intricately branched, woody at the base, 

 1-4 dm. high; leaves 1 -ribbed, 4-10 mm. long, very firm; cymes of the sterile 

 plants 3-5-flowered, those of the fertile ones 1-3-flowered, with very short pedi- 

 cels; corolla white, 1.5 mm. in diameter; hypanthium in both kinds of flowers 

 hairy, but longer so in the fertile ones; carpels in fruit, with hairs, 3-4 mm. in 

 diameter. Arid regions: Utah Ariz. Calif. L. Calif. Son. 



3. RUBIA L. MADDER. 



Perennial herbs, often woody below. Leaves apparently verticillate as in 

 Galium. Flowers in axillary and terminal cymes. Corolla rotate or campanu- 

 late, 5-lobed. Styles 2, connate at the base; stigmas capitate. Fruit didymous 

 or globose, succulent. 



1. R. tinctorum L. Stem about 1 m. high, armed with small hooked 

 prickles on the angles; leaves lanceolate, retrorse-prickly on the ribs and margins; 

 flowers bright yellow; lobes ovate-lanceolate, acute; berry subglobose, black, the 

 size of a pea. Waste places: Utah; adv. from the Mediterranean region. Je-Au. 



FAMILY 123. CAPRIFOLIACEAE. HONEYSUCKLE FAMILY. 



Shrubs, trees, vines, or perennial herbs, with opposite leaves and perfect, 

 regular or irregular flowers, mostly in cymes. Stipules generally none. 

 Calyx 3-5-lobed or 3-5-toothed. Corolla gamopetalous, from rotate to 

 tubular, often gibbous at the base; limb 5-lobed and sometimes 2-lipped. 

 Stamens 5, in Linnaea only 4, adnate to the corolla and alternate with its 

 lobes; anthers versatile. Ovary inferior, enclosed in the hypanthium, 1-6- 

 celled. Fruit a 1-6-celled berry, drupe, or capsule. Ovules anatropous. 

 Seed with a fleshy albumen; embryo small. 



Style deeply 3-5-cleft; shrubs or trees with compound cymose inflorescence and drupace- 

 ous fruit. 



Leaves pinnate; ovary 3-5-celled, each cell with one ovule. 1 . SAMBUCUS. 



Leaves simple; ovary 1 -celled and 1-ovuled. 2. VIBURNUM. 



Style slender, undivided; stigma capitate. 



Trailing evergreen herb; flowers long-peduncled, geminate; stamens 4, didynamous. 



3. LINNAEA. 

 Shrubs; stamens generally 5. 



Fruit a few-seeded berry. 



Corolla rarely gibbous at the base, regular or nearly so; fruit 2-seeded. 



4. SYMPHORICARPOS. 

 Corolla gibbous at the base, mostly irregular and bilabiate; fruit several-seeded. 



Flowers in heads at the ends of the branches or in verticils in the upper axils ; 



upper leaves connate; vines. 5. LONICERA. 



Flowers in pairs on axillary peduncles; leaves not connate; erect shrubs. 



Bracts and bractlets minute, not foliaceous; berries of the two flower? 

 more or less united. 6. XYLOSTEON. 



Bracts and bractlets foliaceous; berries of the two flowers distinct. 



7. DISTEGIA. 

 Fruit a 2-celled capsule; corolla slightly gibbous and somewhat irregular. 



8. DIERVILLA. 



1. SAMBUCUS (Tourn.) L. ELDER. 







Shrubs or trees with opposite, odd-pinnate leaves, large pith in the young 

 branches, small whitish flowers in compound cymes. Hypanthium ovoid or 

 turbinate. Calyx-lobes minute, generally 5. Corolla rotate or saucer-shaped, 

 regular, 5-lobed. Stamens 5, inserted at the base of the corolla; anthers oblong. 

 Style short, 3-5-cleft ; ovary and berry-like drupe 3-5-celled, each cell containing 

 1 ovule or seed. 



Cyme not flat-topped, thyrsoid-paniculate, the axis continuous. 

 Fruit red or rarely yellow. 



Young branches, inflorescence and the lower surfaces of the leaves pubescent. 



1. S. pubcns. 



