866 CARDUACEAE 



pressed, thin, lanceolate to oval, not herbaceous. Receptacle naked, alveolar. 

 Ray-flowers ligulate, pistillate and fertile; ligules yellow, conspicuous. Disk- 

 flowers perfect; corollas tubular, somewhat enlarged upwards, deeply 5-toothed. 

 Anthers obtuse at the base. Style-branches stigmatic their whole length, with 

 subulate appendages. Achenes grayish or white villous. Pappus of numerous 

 white soft capillary scabrous bristles. 



Plant glabrous or puberuient; leaves firm and evergreen. 



Leaves linear to filiform, 1 mm. wide. 1. 3. stenophyllus. 



Leaves mostly oblanceolate. 

 Bracts lanceolate, acute. 

 Plant puberuient. 



Bracts in 3 series, broad, with broad scarious margins. 2. S. acaulis. 

 Bracks in 2 series, narrow, with narrow scarious margins. 



3. 5. Andersonii. 

 Plant glabrous, except the scabrous leaf-margins. 



Bases of the basal leaves much enlarged, somewhat inflated and remaining 

 for years on the short caudal branches; leaf-blades narrowly ob- 

 lanceolate to linear. 



Stem-leaves oblanceolate, 1-4 cm. long. 4. S. caespitosus. 



Stem-leaves linear, 4-7 cm. long. 5. S. falcatus. 



Bases of the basal leaves neither much enlarged nor persistent; leaf-blades 



broadly oblanceolate or spatulate. 6. S. latifolius. 



Bracts oval or oblong, very obtuse. 7. S. armerioides. 



Plant floccose; leaves softer, not evergreen. 8. S. lanuginosus. 



1. S. stenophyllus (A. Gray) Greene. Stems about 5 cm. high; leaves 1-2 

 cm. long, hirsutulous-scabrous; involucres 6-8 mm. high, puberuient; bracts 

 linear, attenuate, with narrow scarious margins. Aplopappus stenophyllus A. 

 Gray. Mountains and stony hills: Wash. Ida. Calif. Submont. Mont. 

 Ap-Je. 



2. S. acaulis Nutt. Plant 2-10 cm. high; leaves oblanceolate or spatulate, 

 3-nerved; flowering stems scapiform; heads solitary, about 1 cm. high; bracts 

 lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate; ligules 8 mm. long. A. acaulis A. Gray. Dry 

 hills and bad lands: Sask. Colo. Calif. Wash. Plain Submont. My-Je. 



3. S. Andersonii Rydb. Flowering stems about 1 dm. high, leafy at the 

 base; leaves narrowly oblanceolate, not very rigid, distinctly 3-ribbed, 3-5 cm. 

 long, 3-4 mm. wide; bracts narrowly lanceolate. Open dry hills: Mont. Plain. 

 Jl. 



4. S. caespitosus Nutt. Stems 5-15 cm. high; basal leaves linear-oblanceo- 

 late, 3-nerved, glabrous except the scabrous-ciliolate margins, 3-5 cm. long; heads 

 about 1 cm. high; bracts lanceolate, acuminate; ligules 8 mm. long. A. acaulis 

 glabratus A. Gray. Dry hills: Sask. Wyo. Nev. Mont. Plain Submont. 

 Je-Jl. 



5. S. falcatus Rydb. Flowering stems 10-15 cm. high, leafy; basal leaves 

 oblanceolate, rigid, obtuse or acute, 4-5 cm. long, 3-ribbed; stem-leaves linear, 

 more or less falcate; heads about 1 cm. high; bracts lanceolate, acute, with scar- 

 ious margin; ligules 6-7 mm. long. Dry hills: s Utah. Son. Je. 



6. S. latifolius A. Nels. Flowering stems slender, leafy, 10-15 cm. high, 

 striate; leaves spatulate or broadly lanceolate, 2-3 cm. long, more distributed 

 along the stem than in the other species; heads solitary, 10-12 mm. high; bracts 

 elliptic-lanceolate, abruptly short-acuminate; ligules 8 mm. long, orange. Rock- 

 crevices: Utah. Submont. Je. 



7. S. armerioides Nutt. Flowering stems 5-15 cm. high, glabrous or slightly 

 scabrous-puberulent ; leaves linear or linear-oblanceolate, 3-nerved, glabrous or 

 nearly so, 3-7 cm. long; heads 10-13 mm. high; ligules 10-12 mm. long. A. 

 armerioides A. Gray. Dry hills and badlands: Man. Neb. N.M. Wyo. 

 Sask. Plain Submont. Je-Jl. 



8. S. lanuginosus (A. Gray) Greene. Stem 1-2 dm. high, more or less 

 floccose; leaves narrowly linear-oblanceolate, 3-6 cm. long; heads solitary, 1 cm. 

 high; bracts linear-lanceolate, acute or acuminate, scarious-margined; ligules 8-10 

 mm. long. A. lanuginosus A. Gray. High ridges: Wash. Mont. Ore. Sub- 

 mont. Mv-Jl. 



